Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy

Abstract Satellite‐derived global digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for providing the topographic information needed in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, their use is limited by spatial resolution and vertical bias due to sensor limitations in observing bare terrain. Si...

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Main Authors: Jana Marešová, Petr Bašta, Kateřina Gdulová, Vojtěch Barták, Giorgi Kozhoridze, Jiri Šmída, Yannis Markonis, Duccio Rocchini, Jiří Prošek, Petra Pracná, Vítězslav Moudrý
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2024-12-01
Series:Earth and Space Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003743
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author Jana Marešová
Petr Bašta
Kateřina Gdulová
Vojtěch Barták
Giorgi Kozhoridze
Jiri Šmída
Yannis Markonis
Duccio Rocchini
Jiří Prošek
Petra Pracná
Vítězslav Moudrý
author_facet Jana Marešová
Petr Bašta
Kateřina Gdulová
Vojtěch Barták
Giorgi Kozhoridze
Jiri Šmída
Yannis Markonis
Duccio Rocchini
Jiří Prošek
Petra Pracná
Vítězslav Moudrý
author_sort Jana Marešová
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Satellite‐derived global digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for providing the topographic information needed in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, their use is limited by spatial resolution and vertical bias due to sensor limitations in observing bare terrain. Significant efforts have been made to improve the resolution of global DEMs (e.g., TanDEM‐X) and create bare‐earth DEMs (e.g., FABDEM, MERIT, CEDTM). We evaluated the vertical accuracy of bare‐earth and global DEMs in Central European mountains and submontane regions, and assessed how DEM resolution, vegetation offset removal, land cover, and terrain slope affect stream network delineation. Using lidar‐derived DTM and national stream networks as references, we found that: (a) bare‐earth DEMs outperform global DEMs across all land cover types. RMSEs increased with increasing slope for all DEMs in non‐forest areas. In forests, however, the negative effect of the slope was outweighed by the vegetation offset even for bare‐earth DTMs; (b) the accuracy of derived stream networks was affected by terrain slope and land cover more than by the vertical accuracy of DEMs. Stream network delineation performed poorly in non‐forest areas and relatively well in forests. Increasing slope improved the streams delineation performance; (c) using DEMs with higher resolution (e.g., 12 m TanDEM‐X) improved stream network delineation, but increasing resolution also increased the need for effective vegetation bias removal. Our results indicate that vertical accuracy alone does not reflect how well DEMs perform in stream network delineation. This underscores the need to include stream network performance in DEM quality rankings.
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language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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spelling doaj-art-5cd1c0135f654fc0975a8e4e73f8d2e22025-08-20T03:22:45ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Earth and Space Science2333-50842024-12-011112n/an/a10.1029/2024EA003743Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical AccuracyJana Marešová0Petr Bašta1Kateřina Gdulová2Vojtěch Barták3Giorgi Kozhoridze4Jiri Šmída5Yannis Markonis6Duccio Rocchini7Jiří Prošek8Petra Pracná9Vítězslav Moudrý10Department of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Geoinformatics and Didactics of Informatics Faculty of Science Humanities and Education Technical University Liberec Liberec Czech RepublicDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicDepartment of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha ‐ Suchdol Czech RepublicAbstract Satellite‐derived global digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for providing the topographic information needed in a wide range of hydrological applications. However, their use is limited by spatial resolution and vertical bias due to sensor limitations in observing bare terrain. Significant efforts have been made to improve the resolution of global DEMs (e.g., TanDEM‐X) and create bare‐earth DEMs (e.g., FABDEM, MERIT, CEDTM). We evaluated the vertical accuracy of bare‐earth and global DEMs in Central European mountains and submontane regions, and assessed how DEM resolution, vegetation offset removal, land cover, and terrain slope affect stream network delineation. Using lidar‐derived DTM and national stream networks as references, we found that: (a) bare‐earth DEMs outperform global DEMs across all land cover types. RMSEs increased with increasing slope for all DEMs in non‐forest areas. In forests, however, the negative effect of the slope was outweighed by the vegetation offset even for bare‐earth DTMs; (b) the accuracy of derived stream networks was affected by terrain slope and land cover more than by the vertical accuracy of DEMs. Stream network delineation performed poorly in non‐forest areas and relatively well in forests. Increasing slope improved the streams delineation performance; (c) using DEMs with higher resolution (e.g., 12 m TanDEM‐X) improved stream network delineation, but increasing resolution also increased the need for effective vegetation bias removal. Our results indicate that vertical accuracy alone does not reflect how well DEMs perform in stream network delineation. This underscores the need to include stream network performance in DEM quality rankings.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003743DEMDEM accuracystream network delineation
spellingShingle Jana Marešová
Petr Bašta
Kateřina Gdulová
Vojtěch Barták
Giorgi Kozhoridze
Jiri Šmída
Yannis Markonis
Duccio Rocchini
Jiří Prošek
Petra Pracná
Vítězslav Moudrý
Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
Earth and Space Science
DEM
DEM accuracy
stream network delineation
title Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
title_full Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
title_fullStr Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
title_full_unstemmed Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
title_short Choosing the Optimal Global Digital Elevation Model for Stream Network Delineation: Beyond Vertical Accuracy
title_sort choosing the optimal global digital elevation model for stream network delineation beyond vertical accuracy
topic DEM
DEM accuracy
stream network delineation
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003743
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