Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures

Background: Adrenaline is used as a local haemostatic in human arthroscopy, due to its peripheral vasoconstrictive properties, which enhance image quality with minimal cardiovascular side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adrenaline in arthroscopic irrigation fluid and asses its im...

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Main Authors: Ana Zapata, Claudio Iván Serra Aguado, José Ignacio Redondo, José Román Soto Muñoz, José Sansano-Maestre, Rocío Fernández-Parra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1544
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author Ana Zapata
Claudio Iván Serra Aguado
José Ignacio Redondo
José Román Soto Muñoz
José Sansano-Maestre
Rocío Fernández-Parra
author_facet Ana Zapata
Claudio Iván Serra Aguado
José Ignacio Redondo
José Román Soto Muñoz
José Sansano-Maestre
Rocío Fernández-Parra
author_sort Ana Zapata
collection DOAJ
description Background: Adrenaline is used as a local haemostatic in human arthroscopy, due to its peripheral vasoconstrictive properties, which enhance image quality with minimal cardiovascular side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adrenaline in arthroscopic irrigation fluid and asses its impact on image visibility. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted on 20 knees from 18 dogs undergoing diagnostic arthroscopies. Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (received lactate Ringer (LR) with adrenaline 0.33 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and group C (received LR with 0.33 mL of saline solution). Cardiovascular parameters were recorded using a multiparametric monitor, with advanced hemodynamic parameters assessed using the PRAM method (MostCare<sup>®</sup>) in half of the dogs, and glucose, cortisol, and adrenaline levels were measured at various time points. Hemoglobin concentration was calculated based on the residual fluid and image quality was evaluated by a blinded surgeon using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: No significant differences between groups in cardiovascular parameters, glucose, cortisol, adrenaline, hemoglobin, or VAS scores; only time differences for cortisol and adrenaline. Conclusions: The use of adrenaline at 0.33 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in arthroscopic irrigation fluid does not cause significant cardiovascular changes or improve image quality, confirming it is safe at this concentration.
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spelling doaj-art-5cd0e20a761048e69527dbc5d2e7fde42025-08-20T02:32:34ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511154410.3390/ani15111544Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic ProceduresAna Zapata0Claudio Iván Serra Aguado1José Ignacio Redondo2José Román Soto Muñoz3José Sansano-Maestre4Rocío Fernández-Parra5Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, SpainHospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanch, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, SpainVeterinary Specialist Ireland, A83 EV27 Summerhill, IrelandDepartamento de Producción Animal y Salud Pública. Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46002 Valencia, SpainHospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV, Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46018 Valencia, SpainBackground: Adrenaline is used as a local haemostatic in human arthroscopy, due to its peripheral vasoconstrictive properties, which enhance image quality with minimal cardiovascular side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adrenaline in arthroscopic irrigation fluid and asses its impact on image visibility. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted on 20 knees from 18 dogs undergoing diagnostic arthroscopies. Dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (received lactate Ringer (LR) with adrenaline 0.33 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and group C (received LR with 0.33 mL of saline solution). Cardiovascular parameters were recorded using a multiparametric monitor, with advanced hemodynamic parameters assessed using the PRAM method (MostCare<sup>®</sup>) in half of the dogs, and glucose, cortisol, and adrenaline levels were measured at various time points. Hemoglobin concentration was calculated based on the residual fluid and image quality was evaluated by a blinded surgeon using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: No significant differences between groups in cardiovascular parameters, glucose, cortisol, adrenaline, hemoglobin, or VAS scores; only time differences for cortisol and adrenaline. Conclusions: The use of adrenaline at 0.33 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in arthroscopic irrigation fluid does not cause significant cardiovascular changes or improve image quality, confirming it is safe at this concentration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1544knee arthroscopydogepinephrinelocal hemostasiaintra-articular bleedingsafety
spellingShingle Ana Zapata
Claudio Iván Serra Aguado
José Ignacio Redondo
José Román Soto Muñoz
José Sansano-Maestre
Rocío Fernández-Parra
Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
Animals
knee arthroscopy
dog
epinephrine
local hemostasia
intra-articular bleeding
safety
title Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
title_full Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
title_fullStr Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
title_full_unstemmed Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
title_short Cardiovascular Effects of Adding Adrenaline to Arthroscopic Knee Irrigation Fluid in Canine Diagnostic Procedures
title_sort cardiovascular effects of adding adrenaline to arthroscopic knee irrigation fluid in canine diagnostic procedures
topic knee arthroscopy
dog
epinephrine
local hemostasia
intra-articular bleeding
safety
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1544
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