Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source
Biomass waste is among the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia with a potential of around 30,500 MW. In this context, solid fuel from biomass waste has great potential as an alternative to fossil energy, particularly in producing cleaner and more efficient fuel. Therefore, this research ai...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009065 |
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| author | Nugroho Agung Pambudi Ridho Alfan Firdaus Desita Kamila Ulfa Iksan Riva Nanda Suharno Riina Syivarulli Indra Mamad Gandidi Wirawan Sumbodo |
| author_facet | Nugroho Agung Pambudi Ridho Alfan Firdaus Desita Kamila Ulfa Iksan Riva Nanda Suharno Riina Syivarulli Indra Mamad Gandidi Wirawan Sumbodo |
| author_sort | Nugroho Agung Pambudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomass waste is among the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia with a potential of around 30,500 MW. In this context, solid fuel from biomass waste has great potential as an alternative to fossil energy, particularly in producing cleaner and more efficient fuel. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the effect of variations in temperature and processing time on fuel characteristics, including water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and heating value using banana peel waste as raw material processed with the hydrothermal method. The results showed that the lowest calorific value of 2957 cal/gr was produced from the untreated raw material. In contrast, the optimum value of 4273 cal/gr was achieved at 220 °C with residence time of 60 min. The variation in residence time affected the solid fuel composition, while temperature influenced both calorific value and fixed carbon. At higher temperatures, moisture, volatile matter, and ash content decreased significantly by 2.63 %, 56.87 %, and 3.27 %, respectively. In conclusion, the analysis of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content demonstrated the potential of banana peel waste as solid fuel comparable to sub-bituminous coal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ccc853c613445cd90b2fe35e4cc73d1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ccc853c613445cd90b2fe35e4cc73d12025-08-20T02:16:50ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610483110.1016/j.rineng.2025.104831Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy sourceNugroho Agung Pambudi0Ridho Alfan Firdaus1Desita Kamila Ulfa2Iksan Riva Nanda3 Suharno4Riina Syivarulli5Indra Mamad Gandidi6Wirawan Sumbodo7Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaEnergy and Society Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaConversion and Conservation Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 40154, IndonesiaMechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, IndonesiaBiomass waste is among the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia with a potential of around 30,500 MW. In this context, solid fuel from biomass waste has great potential as an alternative to fossil energy, particularly in producing cleaner and more efficient fuel. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the effect of variations in temperature and processing time on fuel characteristics, including water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and heating value using banana peel waste as raw material processed with the hydrothermal method. The results showed that the lowest calorific value of 2957 cal/gr was produced from the untreated raw material. In contrast, the optimum value of 4273 cal/gr was achieved at 220 °C with residence time of 60 min. The variation in residence time affected the solid fuel composition, while temperature influenced both calorific value and fixed carbon. At higher temperatures, moisture, volatile matter, and ash content decreased significantly by 2.63 %, 56.87 %, and 3.27 %, respectively. In conclusion, the analysis of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content demonstrated the potential of banana peel waste as solid fuel comparable to sub-bituminous coal.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009065Solid fuelBanana peel wasteHydrothermal technologyBiomass |
| spellingShingle | Nugroho Agung Pambudi Ridho Alfan Firdaus Desita Kamila Ulfa Iksan Riva Nanda Suharno Riina Syivarulli Indra Mamad Gandidi Wirawan Sumbodo Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source Results in Engineering Solid fuel Banana peel waste Hydrothermal technology Biomass |
| title | Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| title_full | Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| title_short | Optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste: Enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| title_sort | optimization of hydrothermal processing for banana peel waste enhancing solid fuel characteristics as a renewable energy source |
| topic | Solid fuel Banana peel waste Hydrothermal technology Biomass |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025009065 |
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