Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects

Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the human population worldwide. Persistence and colonization of this bacterium in the host result in genetic and epigenetic alteration and intra-complicated reactions that enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, which lead to the development of seve...

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Main Authors: Batool H. Alfurjani, Salsabeel H. Sabi, Ammar M. Almaaytah, Majd M. Masadeh, Ahmad K. Abualhaijaa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pensoft Publishers 2025-03-01
Series:Pharmacia
Online Access:https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/144177/download/pdf/
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author Batool H. Alfurjani
Salsabeel H. Sabi
Ammar M. Almaaytah
Majd M. Masadeh
Ahmad K. Abualhaijaa
author_facet Batool H. Alfurjani
Salsabeel H. Sabi
Ammar M. Almaaytah
Majd M. Masadeh
Ahmad K. Abualhaijaa
author_sort Batool H. Alfurjani
collection DOAJ
description Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the human population worldwide. Persistence and colonization of this bacterium in the host result in genetic and epigenetic alteration and intra-complicated reactions that enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, which lead to the development of several gastrointestinal illnesses and increase the risk for gastric cancer progression. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) classified a bacterium in the first group of carcinogens; also, it has been associated with multiple extra gastric implications such as autoimmune disease and cardiovascular disease, thereby being considered a highly infectious pathogen and a critical health problem globally. Detection of the infection facilitates prognosis for suitable treatment that enhances eradication of this bacterium to prevent further implication. The aim of this review is to convey several aspects related to the Helicobacter pylori infection, to understand and clarify the epigenetic changes, host immune response, and the pathogenicity of multiple virulence factors involved in the infection, as well as diagnostic options, the fundamental strategy of treatment and the rate of reinfection among variable individuals.
format Article
id doaj-art-5cc611ce9cb2438cb90c611ca7aec209
institution DOAJ
issn 2603-557X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Pensoft Publishers
record_format Article
series Pharmacia
spelling doaj-art-5cc611ce9cb2438cb90c611ca7aec2092025-08-20T02:48:24ZengPensoft PublishersPharmacia2603-557X2025-03-017211510.3897/pharmacia.72.e144177144177Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspectsBatool H. Alfurjani0Salsabeel H. Sabi1Ammar M. Almaaytah2Majd M. Masadeh3Ahmad K. Abualhaijaa4Jordan University of Science and TechnologyThe Hashemite UniversityJordan University of Science and TechnologyUniversity Sains MalaysiaJordan University of Science and TechnologyHelicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the human population worldwide. Persistence and colonization of this bacterium in the host result in genetic and epigenetic alteration and intra-complicated reactions that enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, which lead to the development of several gastrointestinal illnesses and increase the risk for gastric cancer progression. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) classified a bacterium in the first group of carcinogens; also, it has been associated with multiple extra gastric implications such as autoimmune disease and cardiovascular disease, thereby being considered a highly infectious pathogen and a critical health problem globally. Detection of the infection facilitates prognosis for suitable treatment that enhances eradication of this bacterium to prevent further implication. The aim of this review is to convey several aspects related to the Helicobacter pylori infection, to understand and clarify the epigenetic changes, host immune response, and the pathogenicity of multiple virulence factors involved in the infection, as well as diagnostic options, the fundamental strategy of treatment and the rate of reinfection among variable individuals.https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/144177/download/pdf/
spellingShingle Batool H. Alfurjani
Salsabeel H. Sabi
Ammar M. Almaaytah
Majd M. Masadeh
Ahmad K. Abualhaijaa
Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
Pharmacia
title Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
title_full Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
title_fullStr Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
title_full_unstemmed Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
title_short Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects
title_sort helicobacter pylori and the immune system genetics epigenetics and treatment aspects
url https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/144177/download/pdf/
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