Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models

Background/Objectives: A growing body of evidence is amassing in the literature suggesting a correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and thrombotic vascular complications, which led to the suggestive hypothesis that thrombosis may contribute to AD onset and progression by damaging the neurovasc...

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Main Authors: Joanna Koch-Paszkowski, Christopher Sennett, Giordano Pula
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1069
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author Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
Christopher Sennett
Giordano Pula
author_facet Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
Christopher Sennett
Giordano Pula
author_sort Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: A growing body of evidence is amassing in the literature suggesting a correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and thrombotic vascular complications, which led to the suggestive hypothesis that thrombosis may contribute to AD onset and progression by damaging the neurovasculature and reducing the cerebral blood flow. In turn, low cerebral blood flow is likely to contribute to neurodegeneration by reducing nutrient and oxygen supply and impairing toxic metabolite removal from the brain tissue. Methods: We searched the literature for studies in animal models of AD or patients diagnosed with the disease that reported circulating markers of platelet hyperactivity or hypercoagulation, or histological evidence of brain vascular thrombosis. Results: Platelet hyperactivity and hypercoagulability have been described in multiple animal models of AD, and histological evidence of neurovascular thrombosis has also been reported. Similarly, clinical studies on patients with AD showed circulating markers of platelet hyperactivity and hypercoagulation, or histological evidence of neurovascular thrombosis collected from post-mortem brain tissue samples. Conclusions: Taken together, a convincing picture is emerging that suggests a strong correlation between systemic or neurovascular thrombosis and AD. Nonetheless, a mechanistic role for haemostasis dysregulation and neurovascular damage in the onset or the progression of AD remains to be proven. Future research should focus on this important question in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying AD and identify a treatment for this disease.
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spelling doaj-art-5cc3f1a188b148b3bf65ab4a7f79e3f92025-08-20T02:45:34ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011414106910.3390/cells14141069Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal ModelsJoanna Koch-Paszkowski0Christopher Sennett1Giordano Pula2Biomedical Institute of Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UKBiomedical Institute of Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UKBiomedical Institute of Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UKBackground/Objectives: A growing body of evidence is amassing in the literature suggesting a correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and thrombotic vascular complications, which led to the suggestive hypothesis that thrombosis may contribute to AD onset and progression by damaging the neurovasculature and reducing the cerebral blood flow. In turn, low cerebral blood flow is likely to contribute to neurodegeneration by reducing nutrient and oxygen supply and impairing toxic metabolite removal from the brain tissue. Methods: We searched the literature for studies in animal models of AD or patients diagnosed with the disease that reported circulating markers of platelet hyperactivity or hypercoagulation, or histological evidence of brain vascular thrombosis. Results: Platelet hyperactivity and hypercoagulability have been described in multiple animal models of AD, and histological evidence of neurovascular thrombosis has also been reported. Similarly, clinical studies on patients with AD showed circulating markers of platelet hyperactivity and hypercoagulation, or histological evidence of neurovascular thrombosis collected from post-mortem brain tissue samples. Conclusions: Taken together, a convincing picture is emerging that suggests a strong correlation between systemic or neurovascular thrombosis and AD. Nonetheless, a mechanistic role for haemostasis dysregulation and neurovascular damage in the onset or the progression of AD remains to be proven. Future research should focus on this important question in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying AD and identify a treatment for this disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1069Alzheimer’s diseasethrombosisplateletsdementia
spellingShingle Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
Christopher Sennett
Giordano Pula
Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
Cells
Alzheimer’s disease
thrombosis
platelets
dementia
title Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
title_full Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
title_fullStr Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
title_short Alzheimer’s Disease–Thrombosis Comorbidity: A Growing Body of Evidence from Patients and Animal Models
title_sort alzheimer s disease thrombosis comorbidity a growing body of evidence from patients and animal models
topic Alzheimer’s disease
thrombosis
platelets
dementia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1069
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AT christophersennett alzheimersdiseasethrombosiscomorbidityagrowingbodyofevidencefrompatientsandanimalmodels
AT giordanopula alzheimersdiseasethrombosiscomorbidityagrowingbodyofevidencefrompatientsandanimalmodels