Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the primary byproduct of the brewing industry, is rich in dietary fiber, proteins, and bioactive compounds, yet remains underutilized due to challenges such as the fiber-bound nature of bioactive compounds, antinutritional factors, and sensory limitations. This review exa...

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Main Authors: Kelly K. Beltrán-Borbor, Andrea D. Ortega-Suasnavas, María V. Ordóñez-Pazmiño, Diana L. Tinoco-Caicedo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001787
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author Kelly K. Beltrán-Borbor
Andrea D. Ortega-Suasnavas
María V. Ordóñez-Pazmiño
Diana L. Tinoco-Caicedo
author_facet Kelly K. Beltrán-Borbor
Andrea D. Ortega-Suasnavas
María V. Ordóñez-Pazmiño
Diana L. Tinoco-Caicedo
author_sort Kelly K. Beltrán-Borbor
collection DOAJ
description Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the primary byproduct of the brewing industry, is rich in dietary fiber, proteins, and bioactive compounds, yet remains underutilized due to challenges such as the fiber-bound nature of bioactive compounds, antinutritional factors, and sensory limitations. This review examines extrusion technology as a transformative approach to valorize BSG, enhancing its nutritional and functional properties while addressing process scalability and environmental concerns. Key findings demonstrate that optimized extrusion parameters—temperature, moisture levels, and shear forces—facilitate the conversion of insoluble fibers into soluble forms, increase phenolic compound bioavailability, and reduce antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, improving protein digestibility. Life cycle analysis (LCA) highlights the environmental benefits of BSG extrusion, with reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to landfill disposal, while economic studies confirm its feasibility in scalable food production. Despite these advances, sensory challenges and consumer acceptance remain critical barriers to high BSG inclusion levels in food formulations. This review underscores the need for future research on innovative pre-treatment methods, such as fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, and advanced extrusion techniques like reactive extrusion to further enhance BSG's functionality and application in sustainable, health-promoting food systems. These findings support the role of BSG-enriched extrudates in addressing global food security challenges, reducing environmental footprints, and contributing to the circular economy.
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spelling doaj-art-5cc147c8c4e74a5987af02e089a47fd02025-08-20T03:45:18ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-06-015110086810.1016/j.afres.2025.100868Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A reviewKelly K. Beltrán-Borbor0Andrea D. Ortega-Suasnavas1María V. Ordóñez-Pazmiño2Diana L. Tinoco-Caicedo3ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Corresponding author.ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción (FIMCP), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, EcuadorESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, EcuadorESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, EcuadorBrewers’ spent grain (BSG), the primary byproduct of the brewing industry, is rich in dietary fiber, proteins, and bioactive compounds, yet remains underutilized due to challenges such as the fiber-bound nature of bioactive compounds, antinutritional factors, and sensory limitations. This review examines extrusion technology as a transformative approach to valorize BSG, enhancing its nutritional and functional properties while addressing process scalability and environmental concerns. Key findings demonstrate that optimized extrusion parameters—temperature, moisture levels, and shear forces—facilitate the conversion of insoluble fibers into soluble forms, increase phenolic compound bioavailability, and reduce antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, improving protein digestibility. Life cycle analysis (LCA) highlights the environmental benefits of BSG extrusion, with reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to landfill disposal, while economic studies confirm its feasibility in scalable food production. Despite these advances, sensory challenges and consumer acceptance remain critical barriers to high BSG inclusion levels in food formulations. This review underscores the need for future research on innovative pre-treatment methods, such as fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, and advanced extrusion techniques like reactive extrusion to further enhance BSG's functionality and application in sustainable, health-promoting food systems. These findings support the role of BSG-enriched extrudates in addressing global food security challenges, reducing environmental footprints, and contributing to the circular economy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001787ExtrusionBrewer's spent grainsNutritional propertiesDietary fiberBioactive compounds
spellingShingle Kelly K. Beltrán-Borbor
Andrea D. Ortega-Suasnavas
María V. Ordóñez-Pazmiño
Diana L. Tinoco-Caicedo
Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
Applied Food Research
Extrusion
Brewer's spent grains
Nutritional properties
Dietary fiber
Bioactive compounds
title Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
title_full Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
title_fullStr Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
title_full_unstemmed Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
title_short Utilization of brewer's spent grain in extrusion processing: A review
title_sort utilization of brewer s spent grain in extrusion processing a review
topic Extrusion
Brewer's spent grains
Nutritional properties
Dietary fiber
Bioactive compounds
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001787
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