A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

Currently available seasonal influenza vaccines confer variable protection due to antigenic changes resulting from the accumulation of diverse mutations. The analysis of new seasonal influenza vaccines is challenging in part due to the limitations of the traditional hemagglutination inhibition (HAI)...

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Main Authors: Timothy S. Vincent, Mingzhu Zhu, Anand Parekh, Urvashi Patel, Shane Cloney-Clark, Andrew Klindworth, David Silva, Andrew Gorinson, Karlee Miranda, Mi Wang, Zachary Longacre, Bin Zhou, Iksung Cho, Rongman Cai, Raj Kalkeri, Louis Fries, Vivek Shinde, Joyce S. Plested
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2358
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author Timothy S. Vincent
Mingzhu Zhu
Anand Parekh
Urvashi Patel
Shane Cloney-Clark
Andrew Klindworth
David Silva
Andrew Gorinson
Karlee Miranda
Mi Wang
Zachary Longacre
Bin Zhou
Iksung Cho
Rongman Cai
Raj Kalkeri
Louis Fries
Vivek Shinde
Joyce S. Plested
author_facet Timothy S. Vincent
Mingzhu Zhu
Anand Parekh
Urvashi Patel
Shane Cloney-Clark
Andrew Klindworth
David Silva
Andrew Gorinson
Karlee Miranda
Mi Wang
Zachary Longacre
Bin Zhou
Iksung Cho
Rongman Cai
Raj Kalkeri
Louis Fries
Vivek Shinde
Joyce S. Plested
author_sort Timothy S. Vincent
collection DOAJ
description Currently available seasonal influenza vaccines confer variable protection due to antigenic changes resulting from the accumulation of diverse mutations. The analysis of new seasonal influenza vaccines is challenging in part due to the limitations of the traditional hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay with A/H3N2 strains. An improved and objective novel HAI assay was developed with recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) and an egg-derived virus as agglutinins, the oseltamivir treatment of VLPs, human red blood cells, and using an automated image reader-based analysis of hemagglutination. HAI validation was demonstrated using four VLPs and egg-derived strains, with 46–56 serum samples tested 12 times in duplicate per strain. The validated HAI assay was precise as indicated by the percent geometric coefficient of variation for intra-, inter-, and total assay precision, as well as accurate as evidenced by percent bias measurements. The assay exhibited linearity, specificity for homologous type/subtype strains, and sensitivity with a starting dilution of 1:10. Assay robustness and sample stability were demonstrated as a percentage difference compared to reference condition. Validated HAI results were equivalent for the single and duplicate sample testing and correlated well with a qualified live wild-type influenza microneutralization assay. These findings demonstrate the suitability of this high-throughput novel modified validated HAI assay for evaluating vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-5cb3b7d14c4c4c02aa3aed68d6492e2e2025-08-20T02:05:06ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-11-011211235810.3390/microorganisms12112358A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza VaccineTimothy S. Vincent0Mingzhu Zhu1Anand Parekh2Urvashi Patel3Shane Cloney-Clark4Andrew Klindworth5David Silva6Andrew Gorinson7Karlee Miranda8Mi Wang9Zachary Longacre10Bin Zhou11Iksung Cho12Rongman Cai13Raj Kalkeri14Louis Fries15Vivek Shinde16Joyce S. Plested17Clinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAVaccine Development, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAPreclinical Development, Vaccine Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USABiostatistics, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USABiostatistics, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAContractor, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Development, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USAClinical Immunology, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USACurrently available seasonal influenza vaccines confer variable protection due to antigenic changes resulting from the accumulation of diverse mutations. The analysis of new seasonal influenza vaccines is challenging in part due to the limitations of the traditional hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay with A/H3N2 strains. An improved and objective novel HAI assay was developed with recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) and an egg-derived virus as agglutinins, the oseltamivir treatment of VLPs, human red blood cells, and using an automated image reader-based analysis of hemagglutination. HAI validation was demonstrated using four VLPs and egg-derived strains, with 46–56 serum samples tested 12 times in duplicate per strain. The validated HAI assay was precise as indicated by the percent geometric coefficient of variation for intra-, inter-, and total assay precision, as well as accurate as evidenced by percent bias measurements. The assay exhibited linearity, specificity for homologous type/subtype strains, and sensitivity with a starting dilution of 1:10. Assay robustness and sample stability were demonstrated as a percentage difference compared to reference condition. Validated HAI results were equivalent for the single and duplicate sample testing and correlated well with a qualified live wild-type influenza microneutralization assay. These findings demonstrate the suitability of this high-throughput novel modified validated HAI assay for evaluating vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2358hemagglutination inhibitionimmunogenicityinfluenza vaccineinfluenza virussingletonvalidation
spellingShingle Timothy S. Vincent
Mingzhu Zhu
Anand Parekh
Urvashi Patel
Shane Cloney-Clark
Andrew Klindworth
David Silva
Andrew Gorinson
Karlee Miranda
Mi Wang
Zachary Longacre
Bin Zhou
Iksung Cho
Rongman Cai
Raj Kalkeri
Louis Fries
Vivek Shinde
Joyce S. Plested
A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
Microorganisms
hemagglutination inhibition
immunogenicity
influenza vaccine
influenza virus
singleton
validation
title A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
title_full A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
title_fullStr A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
title_short A Modified Novel Validated High-Throughput Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay Using Recombinant Virus-like Particles and Human Red Blood Cells for the Objective Evaluation of Recombinant Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Seasonal Influenza Vaccine
title_sort modified novel validated high throughput hemagglutinin inhibition assay using recombinant virus like particles and human red blood cells for the objective evaluation of recombinant hemagglutinin nanoparticle seasonal influenza vaccine
topic hemagglutination inhibition
immunogenicity
influenza vaccine
influenza virus
singleton
validation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2358
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