Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a recently identified, highly contagious, and destructive Tobamovirus that primarily infects tomatoes. To investigate the presence of this virus, forty leaf samples were collected from plants exhibiting viral symptoms such as mosaic, leaf malformation, and...

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Main Authors: Leila Baharvand, Samira Pakbaz, Farshad Rakhshandehroo, Forough Sanjarian, Ehsan Hasanvand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Mazandaran 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Genetic Resources
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Online Access:https://sc.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_5436_c981f8ed76da9ebd5ad57821b845541d.pdf
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author Leila Baharvand
Samira Pakbaz
Farshad Rakhshandehroo
Forough Sanjarian
Ehsan Hasanvand
author_facet Leila Baharvand
Samira Pakbaz
Farshad Rakhshandehroo
Forough Sanjarian
Ehsan Hasanvand
author_sort Leila Baharvand
collection DOAJ
description Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a recently identified, highly contagious, and destructive Tobamovirus that primarily infects tomatoes. To investigate the presence of this virus, forty leaf samples were collected from plants exhibiting viral symptoms such as mosaic, leaf malformation, and blistering from the tomato greenhouses in Lorestan Province in 2024. Mechanical inoculation on Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum was done, and symptoms appeared as a systemic mosaic on N. benthamiana seven days post-inoculation (dpi), while tomato plants exhibited mosaic, blistering, severe deformation, and shoestring-like symptoms, particularly in apical leaves, by 10dpi. Then, an RT-PCR assay was operated on the samples, and a 623-base pair fragment was successfully amplified utilizing ToBRFV-specific primers corresponding to the coat protein gene region. Sequence BLAST analysis confirmed that the Lorestan isolates exhibited a nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.32% to 99.83%, as did other isolates in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree generated using MEGA11 software indicated that ToBRFV isolates clustered into two distinct groups, with the isolates from Lorestan province classified as group II. Within group II, two Lorestan isolates clustered alongside three other Iranian isolates. The length of the branches in this group suggests that mutations are present in these isolates compared to group I. Isolates from other countries were classified into a distinct subgroup within the group I. The two-by-two comparison of nucleotide sequences using SDT v1.2 software demonstrated the Lorestan isolates exhibited the highest genetic similarity to the Iranian isolates ZAR-K-20 and Zar-Kp, with identities ranging from 99.30% to 99.50%. In contrast, the Lorestan isolates demonstrated the greatest genetic distance from the Peru isolate, which had an identity of 98.80%. This report represents the first documented ToBRFV detection instance in Lorestan Province tomato greenhouses.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-5cad7d2e80db467593a88dd74c8de5982025-08-20T02:37:13ZengUniversity of MazandaranJournal of Genetic Resources2423-42572588-25892025-01-01111414910.22080/jgr.2025.28327.14165436Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First ReportLeila Baharvand0Samira Pakbaz1Farshad Rakhshandehroo2Forough Sanjarian3Ehsan Hasanvand4Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Plant Bioproducts, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, IranTomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a recently identified, highly contagious, and destructive Tobamovirus that primarily infects tomatoes. To investigate the presence of this virus, forty leaf samples were collected from plants exhibiting viral symptoms such as mosaic, leaf malformation, and blistering from the tomato greenhouses in Lorestan Province in 2024. Mechanical inoculation on Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum was done, and symptoms appeared as a systemic mosaic on N. benthamiana seven days post-inoculation (dpi), while tomato plants exhibited mosaic, blistering, severe deformation, and shoestring-like symptoms, particularly in apical leaves, by 10dpi. Then, an RT-PCR assay was operated on the samples, and a 623-base pair fragment was successfully amplified utilizing ToBRFV-specific primers corresponding to the coat protein gene region. Sequence BLAST analysis confirmed that the Lorestan isolates exhibited a nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.32% to 99.83%, as did other isolates in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree generated using MEGA11 software indicated that ToBRFV isolates clustered into two distinct groups, with the isolates from Lorestan province classified as group II. Within group II, two Lorestan isolates clustered alongside three other Iranian isolates. The length of the branches in this group suggests that mutations are present in these isolates compared to group I. Isolates from other countries were classified into a distinct subgroup within the group I. The two-by-two comparison of nucleotide sequences using SDT v1.2 software demonstrated the Lorestan isolates exhibited the highest genetic similarity to the Iranian isolates ZAR-K-20 and Zar-Kp, with identities ranging from 99.30% to 99.50%. In contrast, the Lorestan isolates demonstrated the greatest genetic distance from the Peru isolate, which had an identity of 98.80%. This report represents the first documented ToBRFV detection instance in Lorestan Province tomato greenhouses.https://sc.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_5436_c981f8ed76da9ebd5ad57821b845541d.pdfcoat proteindetectlorestantobrfvviral disease
spellingShingle Leila Baharvand
Samira Pakbaz
Farshad Rakhshandehroo
Forough Sanjarian
Ehsan Hasanvand
Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
Journal of Genetic Resources
coat protein
detect
lorestan
tobrfv
viral disease
title Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
title_full Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
title_fullStr Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
title_short Occurrence of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Lorestan Province Tomato Greenhouses: A First Report
title_sort occurrence of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in lorestan province tomato greenhouses a first report
topic coat protein
detect
lorestan
tobrfv
viral disease
url https://sc.journals.umz.ac.ir/article_5436_c981f8ed76da9ebd5ad57821b845541d.pdf
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AT foroughsanjarian occurrenceoftomatobrownrugosefruitvirusinlorestanprovincetomatogreenhousesafirstreport
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