24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress
Soil cadmium pollution poses significant environmental risks, prompting global concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that 24-epibrassinolide (Brs) can enhance plant photosynthesis, thereby potentially improving the efficiency of soil cadmium remediation by increasing biomass. Therefore, this s...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Wenle Song Hongen Li Ziyi Zhao Rongrong Si Wen Deng Mengqi Wang Yepu Li |
| author_facet | Wenle Song Hongen Li Ziyi Zhao Rongrong Si Wen Deng Mengqi Wang Yepu Li |
| author_sort | Wenle Song |
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| description | Soil cadmium pollution poses significant environmental risks, prompting global concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that 24-epibrassinolide (Brs) can enhance plant photosynthesis, thereby potentially improving the efficiency of soil cadmium remediation by increasing biomass. Therefore, this study investigated the use of Brs to enhance Cd remediation by willow and alfalfa. After four months, we analyzed soil physicochemical properties, plant physiological and biochemical responses, biomass, Cd fractionation, plant Cd concentrations, and bioaccumulation factor (BCF). Willow and alfalfa cultivation without Brs increased soil pH and carbonates, reduced the exchangeable Cd fractionation, and increased Cd bound to Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, Brs application increased soil total acids, increasing the bioavailable Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Willow grown for four months accumulated Cd in leaves, stems, and roots at concentrations of 141.83−242.75, 45.91−89.66, and 26.73−45.68 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, with leaf BCF ranging from 14.53 to 24.88. After five months, leaves of willow planted in Cd-contaminated soil (9.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) contained 187.90−511.23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Cd, with BCFs of 19.25−52.38. Brs also increases plant biomass by improving photosynthesis, detoxification, and antioxidant defenses. Treatments with Brs and willow extracted 1.57−1.81 times more Cd (0.56−1.37 mg pot<sup>−1</sup>) than without Brs (0.31−0.87 mg pot<sup>−1</sup>). This study offers guidelines for Cd phytoremediation and highlights an effective strategy to enhance Cd accumulation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ca2bd0526384f70a2086ca0f9ebc3e52025-08-20T02:52:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114576510.3390/plants1405076524-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium StressWenle Song0Hongen Li1Ziyi Zhao2Rongrong Si3Wen Deng4Mengqi Wang5Yepu Li6International Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaInternational Joint Laboratory for Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversionin Henan Province, College of Water Resources and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaSoil cadmium pollution poses significant environmental risks, prompting global concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that 24-epibrassinolide (Brs) can enhance plant photosynthesis, thereby potentially improving the efficiency of soil cadmium remediation by increasing biomass. Therefore, this study investigated the use of Brs to enhance Cd remediation by willow and alfalfa. After four months, we analyzed soil physicochemical properties, plant physiological and biochemical responses, biomass, Cd fractionation, plant Cd concentrations, and bioaccumulation factor (BCF). Willow and alfalfa cultivation without Brs increased soil pH and carbonates, reduced the exchangeable Cd fractionation, and increased Cd bound to Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, Brs application increased soil total acids, increasing the bioavailable Cd (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Willow grown for four months accumulated Cd in leaves, stems, and roots at concentrations of 141.83−242.75, 45.91−89.66, and 26.73−45.68 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, with leaf BCF ranging from 14.53 to 24.88. After five months, leaves of willow planted in Cd-contaminated soil (9.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) contained 187.90−511.23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Cd, with BCFs of 19.25−52.38. Brs also increases plant biomass by improving photosynthesis, detoxification, and antioxidant defenses. Treatments with Brs and willow extracted 1.57−1.81 times more Cd (0.56−1.37 mg pot<sup>−1</sup>) than without Brs (0.31−0.87 mg pot<sup>−1</sup>). This study offers guidelines for Cd phytoremediation and highlights an effective strategy to enhance Cd accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/765phytoremediation of Cdplant physiology and biochemistryrhizosphere soilfractionbioaccumulation factor |
| spellingShingle | Wenle Song Hongen Li Ziyi Zhao Rongrong Si Wen Deng Mengqi Wang Yepu Li 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress Plants phytoremediation of Cd plant physiology and biochemistry rhizosphere soil fraction bioaccumulation factor |
| title | 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress |
| title_full | 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress |
| title_fullStr | 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress |
| title_short | 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Plant Antioxidant System and Cadmium Bioavailability Under Soil Cadmium Stress |
| title_sort | 24 epibrassinolide enhanced plant antioxidant system and cadmium bioavailability under soil cadmium stress |
| topic | phytoremediation of Cd plant physiology and biochemistry rhizosphere soil fraction bioaccumulation factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/765 |
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