Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool

Abstract Background Individuals with chronic diseases are at higher risk of sarcopenia, and precise prediction is essential for its prevention. This study aims to develop a risk scoring model using longitudinal data to predict the probability of sarcopenia in this population over next 3–5 years, the...

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Main Authors: Ke Rong, Gu li jiang Yi ke ran, Changgui Zhou, Xinglin Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02606-3
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author Ke Rong
Gu li jiang Yi ke ran
Changgui Zhou
Xinglin Yi
author_facet Ke Rong
Gu li jiang Yi ke ran
Changgui Zhou
Xinglin Yi
author_sort Ke Rong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Individuals with chronic diseases are at higher risk of sarcopenia, and precise prediction is essential for its prevention. This study aims to develop a risk scoring model using longitudinal data to predict the probability of sarcopenia in this population over next 3–5 years, thereby enabling early warning and intervention. Methods Using data from a nationwide survey initiated in 2011, we selected patient data records from wave 1 (2011–2012) and follow-up data from wave 3 (2015–2016) as the study cohort. Retrospective data collection included demographic information, health conditions, and biochemical markers. After excluding records with missing values, a total of 2891 adults with chronic conditions were enrolled. Sarcopenia was assessed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 guidelines. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with random effects and diverse machine learning models were utilized to explore feature contributions to sarcopenia risk. The Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm was employed to optimize the full Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model and develop an online application tool. Results Among total population, 580 (20.1%) individuals were diagnosed with sarcopenia in wave 1 (2011–2012), and 638 (22.1%) were diagnosed in wave 3 (2015–2016), while 2165 (74.9%) individuals were not diagnosed with sarcopenia across the study period. MLP model, performed better than other three classic machine learning models, demonstrated a ROC AUC of 0.912, a PR AUC of 0.401, a sensitivity of 0.875, a specificity of 0.844, a Kappa value of 0.376, and an F1 score of 0.44. According to MLP model-based SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) scoring, weight, age, BMI, height, total cholesterol, PEF, and gender were identified as the most important features of chronic disease individuals for sarcopenia. Using the RFE algorithm, we selected six key variables—weight, age, BMI, height, total cholesterol, and gender—achieving an ROC AUC of about 0.9 for the online application tool. Conclusion We developed an MLP machine learning model that incorporates only six easily accessible variables, enabling the prediction of sarcopenia risk in individuals with chronic diseases. Additionally, we created a practical online application tool to assist in decision-making and streamline clinical assessments.
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spelling doaj-art-5c9a8d8baf9e4c339e8f5366af61ff3e2025-08-20T02:10:49ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-04-0130111910.1186/s40001-025-02606-3Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based toolKe Rong0Gu li jiang Yi ke ran1Changgui Zhou2Xinglin Yi3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityKuitun Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous PrefectureDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityThe First Hospital Affiliated with Third Military Medical UniversityAbstract Background Individuals with chronic diseases are at higher risk of sarcopenia, and precise prediction is essential for its prevention. This study aims to develop a risk scoring model using longitudinal data to predict the probability of sarcopenia in this population over next 3–5 years, thereby enabling early warning and intervention. Methods Using data from a nationwide survey initiated in 2011, we selected patient data records from wave 1 (2011–2012) and follow-up data from wave 3 (2015–2016) as the study cohort. Retrospective data collection included demographic information, health conditions, and biochemical markers. After excluding records with missing values, a total of 2891 adults with chronic conditions were enrolled. Sarcopenia was assessed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 guidelines. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with random effects and diverse machine learning models were utilized to explore feature contributions to sarcopenia risk. The Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm was employed to optimize the full Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model and develop an online application tool. Results Among total population, 580 (20.1%) individuals were diagnosed with sarcopenia in wave 1 (2011–2012), and 638 (22.1%) were diagnosed in wave 3 (2015–2016), while 2165 (74.9%) individuals were not diagnosed with sarcopenia across the study period. MLP model, performed better than other three classic machine learning models, demonstrated a ROC AUC of 0.912, a PR AUC of 0.401, a sensitivity of 0.875, a specificity of 0.844, a Kappa value of 0.376, and an F1 score of 0.44. According to MLP model-based SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) scoring, weight, age, BMI, height, total cholesterol, PEF, and gender were identified as the most important features of chronic disease individuals for sarcopenia. Using the RFE algorithm, we selected six key variables—weight, age, BMI, height, total cholesterol, and gender—achieving an ROC AUC of about 0.9 for the online application tool. Conclusion We developed an MLP machine learning model that incorporates only six easily accessible variables, enabling the prediction of sarcopenia risk in individuals with chronic diseases. Additionally, we created a practical online application tool to assist in decision-making and streamline clinical assessments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02606-3SarcopeniaChronic diseaseMachine learningPredictive modelingLongitudinal study
spellingShingle Ke Rong
Gu li jiang Yi ke ran
Changgui Zhou
Xinglin Yi
Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
European Journal of Medical Research
Sarcopenia
Chronic disease
Machine learning
Predictive modeling
Longitudinal study
title Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
title_full Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
title_fullStr Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
title_full_unstemmed Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
title_short Intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web-based tool
title_sort intelligent predictive risk assessment and management of sarcopenia in chronic disease patients using machine learning and a web based tool
topic Sarcopenia
Chronic disease
Machine learning
Predictive modeling
Longitudinal study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02606-3
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