Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning

Abstract The Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is a recently proposed and widely recognized metaheuristic algorithm. However, it suffers from slow convergence, low precision, and a tendency to fall into local optima when addressing practical problems. To address these limitations, we propose a Mu...

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Main Authors: Lu Li, Haonan Zhao, Lixin Lyu, Fan Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98112-x
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author Lu Li
Haonan Zhao
Lixin Lyu
Fan Yang
author_facet Lu Li
Haonan Zhao
Lixin Lyu
Fan Yang
author_sort Lu Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is a recently proposed and widely recognized metaheuristic algorithm. However, it suffers from slow convergence, low precision, and a tendency to fall into local optima when addressing practical problems. To address these limitations, we propose a Multi-Strategy Improved Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (MIGOA). Key enhancements include population initialization based on an optimal point set, a tangent flight search strategy, an adaptive step size factor, and novel exploration strategies. These improvements collectively enhance GOA’s exploration capability, convergence speed, and precision, effectively preventing it from becoming trapped in local optima. We evaluated MIGOA using the CEC2017 and CEC2020 benchmark test sets, comparing it with GOA and eight other algorithms. The results, validated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Friedman mean rank test, demonstrate that MIGOA achieves average rankings of 1.80, 2.03, 2.03, and 2.70 on CEC2017 (Dim = 30/50/100) and CEC2020 (Dim = 20), respectively, outperforming the standard GOA and other high-performance optimizers. Furthermore, the application of MIGOA to three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning problems and 2 engineering optimization design problems further validates its potential in solving constrained optimization problems. Experimental results consistently indicate that MIGOA exhibits strong scalability and practical applicability.
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spelling doaj-art-5c8a59125f2141a69f6b585c9c27780c2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115114110.1038/s41598-025-98112-xMulti-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planningLu Li0Haonan Zhao1Lixin Lyu2Fan Yang3School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Business CollegeSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoSchool of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Business CollegeSchool of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Business CollegeAbstract The Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is a recently proposed and widely recognized metaheuristic algorithm. However, it suffers from slow convergence, low precision, and a tendency to fall into local optima when addressing practical problems. To address these limitations, we propose a Multi-Strategy Improved Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (MIGOA). Key enhancements include population initialization based on an optimal point set, a tangent flight search strategy, an adaptive step size factor, and novel exploration strategies. These improvements collectively enhance GOA’s exploration capability, convergence speed, and precision, effectively preventing it from becoming trapped in local optima. We evaluated MIGOA using the CEC2017 and CEC2020 benchmark test sets, comparing it with GOA and eight other algorithms. The results, validated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Friedman mean rank test, demonstrate that MIGOA achieves average rankings of 1.80, 2.03, 2.03, and 2.70 on CEC2017 (Dim = 30/50/100) and CEC2020 (Dim = 20), respectively, outperforming the standard GOA and other high-performance optimizers. Furthermore, the application of MIGOA to three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning problems and 2 engineering optimization design problems further validates its potential in solving constrained optimization problems. Experimental results consistently indicate that MIGOA exhibits strong scalability and practical applicability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98112-xGazelle optimization algorithmMetaheuristic algorithmGlobal optimizationUAV path planningNumerical optimization
spellingShingle Lu Li
Haonan Zhao
Lixin Lyu
Fan Yang
Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
Scientific Reports
Gazelle optimization algorithm
Metaheuristic algorithm
Global optimization
UAV path planning
Numerical optimization
title Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
title_full Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
title_fullStr Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
title_full_unstemmed Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
title_short Multi-strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and UAV path planning
title_sort multi strategy improved gazelle optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and uav path planning
topic Gazelle optimization algorithm
Metaheuristic algorithm
Global optimization
UAV path planning
Numerical optimization
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98112-x
work_keys_str_mv AT luli multistrategyimprovedgazelleoptimizationalgorithmfornumericaloptimizationanduavpathplanning
AT haonanzhao multistrategyimprovedgazelleoptimizationalgorithmfornumericaloptimizationanduavpathplanning
AT lixinlyu multistrategyimprovedgazelleoptimizationalgorithmfornumericaloptimizationanduavpathplanning
AT fanyang multistrategyimprovedgazelleoptimizationalgorithmfornumericaloptimizationanduavpathplanning