Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees

Given a graph G, an [Formula: see text]-labeling of G is an assignment f of non-negative integers (labels) to the vertices of G such that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] (i = 1, 2, 3). For a non-negative integer k, a k-[Formula: see text]-labeling is an [Formula: see text]-labeling such t...

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Main Author: Xiaoling Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-09-01
Series:AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09728600.2024.2358691
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author Xiaoling Zhang
author_facet Xiaoling Zhang
author_sort Xiaoling Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Given a graph G, an [Formula: see text]-labeling of G is an assignment f of non-negative integers (labels) to the vertices of G such that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] (i = 1, 2, 3). For a non-negative integer k, a k-[Formula: see text]-labeling is an [Formula: see text]-labeling such that no label is greater than k. The [Formula: see text]-labeling number of G, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the smallest number k such that G has a k-[Formula: see text]-labeling. Chia proved that the [Formula: see text]-labeling number of a tree T with maximum degree Δ can have one of three values: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This paper gives some sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. As a result, the [Formula: see text]-labeling numbers of complete m-ary trees, spiders and banana trees are completely determined.
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publisher Taylor & Francis Group
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spelling doaj-art-5c83ea2ba5e546f8b7122bb2480903d02025-08-20T02:19:04ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics0972-86002543-34742024-09-0121331031410.1080/09728600.2024.2358691Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of treesXiaoling Zhang0Teachers College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaGiven a graph G, an [Formula: see text]-labeling of G is an assignment f of non-negative integers (labels) to the vertices of G such that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] (i = 1, 2, 3). For a non-negative integer k, a k-[Formula: see text]-labeling is an [Formula: see text]-labeling such that no label is greater than k. The [Formula: see text]-labeling number of G, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the smallest number k such that G has a k-[Formula: see text]-labeling. Chia proved that the [Formula: see text]-labeling number of a tree T with maximum degree Δ can have one of three values: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This paper gives some sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. As a result, the [Formula: see text]-labeling numbers of complete m-ary trees, spiders and banana trees are completely determined.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09728600.2024.2358691Channel assignment-labelingtrees05C7805C15
spellingShingle Xiaoling Zhang
Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics
Channel assignment
-labeling
trees
05C78
05C15
title Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
title_full Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
title_fullStr Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
title_full_unstemmed Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
title_short Optimal L(3,2,1)-labeling of trees
title_sort optimal l 3 2 1 labeling of trees
topic Channel assignment
-labeling
trees
05C78
05C15
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09728600.2024.2358691
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaolingzhang optimall321labelingoftrees