Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters

Abstract The significance of long-term biodiversity monitoring studies for the protection of natural biodiversity and human well-being is well recognised by the Turkish scientific community. Despite understanding the ecological importance of freshwater ecosystems, spatially or temporally congruent s...

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Main Authors: Irmak Kurtul, Phillip J. Haubrock, Cüneyt Kaya, Sadi Aksu, Ali İlhan, Hasan M. Sari, Cem Aygen, Ismael Soto, Ben Parker, Robert Britton, Ali Serhan Tarkan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14709-2
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author Irmak Kurtul
Phillip J. Haubrock
Cüneyt Kaya
Sadi Aksu
Ali İlhan
Hasan M. Sari
Cem Aygen
Ismael Soto
Ben Parker
Robert Britton
Ali Serhan Tarkan
author_facet Irmak Kurtul
Phillip J. Haubrock
Cüneyt Kaya
Sadi Aksu
Ali İlhan
Hasan M. Sari
Cem Aygen
Ismael Soto
Ben Parker
Robert Britton
Ali Serhan Tarkan
author_sort Irmak Kurtul
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The significance of long-term biodiversity monitoring studies for the protection of natural biodiversity and human well-being is well recognised by the Turkish scientific community. Despite understanding the ecological importance of freshwater ecosystems, spatially or temporally congruent studies using high resolution biodiversity monitoring data from Turkish freshwater resources remain scarce. To determine a biodiversity baseline for future studies, biological and environmental sampling was carried out in 15 different locations from the highly anthropogenically impacted Bakırçay River and its catchment in Western Anatolia between 2017 and 2018. A total of 17 fish species from 10 families were recorded, belonging mainly to the Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae families. These included six non-native, six regionally endemic, and five native species. The endangered endemic Alburnus attalus was the most widespread species, whereas several non-native species were restricted to single sites. Patterns in community composition were primarily associated with pH and stream order. However, community metrics such as species richness, Pielou’s evenness, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were not significant. Intensifying anthropogenic activity within the Bakırçay basin suggests that sources of pollution and other detrimental stressors like non-native species should be managed to protect riverine biodiversity and maintain the provision of ecosystem services. Our findings therefore not only present a baseline for future studies on fish biodiversity and community composition, but also the possible onset of future monitoring studies in the region. Our findings underline the importance of long-term biomonitoring studies for the conservation of Türkiye’s freshwater ecosystems to monitor changes occurring over time.
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spelling doaj-art-5c8365a5e1704f9a82017baa83e8541c2025-08-20T03:43:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-14709-2Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parametersIrmak Kurtul0Phillip J. Haubrock1Cüneyt Kaya2Sadi Aksu3Ali İlhan4Hasan M. Sari5Cem Aygen6Ismael Soto7Ben Parker8Robert Britton9Ali Serhan Tarkan10Marine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege UniversityDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth UniversityFaculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityVocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi UniversityMarine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege UniversityMarine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege UniversityMarine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege UniversityFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesDepartment of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth UniversityDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth UniversityAbstract The significance of long-term biodiversity monitoring studies for the protection of natural biodiversity and human well-being is well recognised by the Turkish scientific community. Despite understanding the ecological importance of freshwater ecosystems, spatially or temporally congruent studies using high resolution biodiversity monitoring data from Turkish freshwater resources remain scarce. To determine a biodiversity baseline for future studies, biological and environmental sampling was carried out in 15 different locations from the highly anthropogenically impacted Bakırçay River and its catchment in Western Anatolia between 2017 and 2018. A total of 17 fish species from 10 families were recorded, belonging mainly to the Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae families. These included six non-native, six regionally endemic, and five native species. The endangered endemic Alburnus attalus was the most widespread species, whereas several non-native species were restricted to single sites. Patterns in community composition were primarily associated with pH and stream order. However, community metrics such as species richness, Pielou’s evenness, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were not significant. Intensifying anthropogenic activity within the Bakırçay basin suggests that sources of pollution and other detrimental stressors like non-native species should be managed to protect riverine biodiversity and maintain the provision of ecosystem services. Our findings therefore not only present a baseline for future studies on fish biodiversity and community composition, but also the possible onset of future monitoring studies in the region. Our findings underline the importance of long-term biomonitoring studies for the conservation of Türkiye’s freshwater ecosystems to monitor changes occurring over time.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14709-2West anatoliaBakırçay riverFreshwater fishFish ecologyEcological modeling
spellingShingle Irmak Kurtul
Phillip J. Haubrock
Cüneyt Kaya
Sadi Aksu
Ali İlhan
Hasan M. Sari
Cem Aygen
Ismael Soto
Ben Parker
Robert Britton
Ali Serhan Tarkan
Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
Scientific Reports
West anatolia
Bakırçay river
Freshwater fish
Fish ecology
Ecological modeling
title Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
title_full Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
title_fullStr Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
title_full_unstemmed Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
title_short Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the Bakırçay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
title_sort spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblages of the bakircay river are associated with physicochemical and habitat parameters
topic West anatolia
Bakırçay river
Freshwater fish
Fish ecology
Ecological modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14709-2
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