The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms
The increasing resistance of <i>Fusarium</i> species to nearly all first-line antifungal agents in clinical settings has led to its designation as a ‘high-priority’ human pathogen. As a dual pathogen, <i>Fusarium</i> spp. threaten both human health and crop production, impact...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Dongmei Li Kincer Amburgey-Crovetti Emilie Applebach Tomoko Y. Steen Richard Calderone |
| author_facet | Dongmei Li Kincer Amburgey-Crovetti Emilie Applebach Tomoko Y. Steen Richard Calderone |
| author_sort | Dongmei Li |
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| description | The increasing resistance of <i>Fusarium</i> species to nearly all first-line antifungal agents in clinical settings has led to its designation as a ‘high-priority’ human pathogen. As a dual pathogen, <i>Fusarium</i> spp. threaten both human health and crop production, impacting food security. Our recent drug profiling of clinical <i>Fusarium</i> isolates reveals resistance to several front-line antifungals, with notable cross-azole resistance observed in both clinical and plant-associated strains. While the overuse of agricultural azoles has been implicated in the selection of azole-resistant fungi such as <i>Aspergillus</i>, a similar mechanism has been assumed for <i>Fusarium</i> in clinical settings. However, direct genetic evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited. In this review, part of our Special Interest (SI) series, we discuss the spectrum of human diseases caused by <i>Fusarium</i>. While incidence data are better established for human keratitis and onychomycosis, invasive fusariosis remains globally underreported. We propose reasons for this distinct clinical spectrum bias and explore the potential genetic basis of azole resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c7c305b044e4048a89242bddeb15fd6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c7c305b044e4048a89242bddeb15fd62025-08-20T02:28:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-04-0111429410.3390/jof11040294The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and BiofilmsDongmei Li0Kincer Amburgey-Crovetti1Emilie Applebach2Tomoko Y. Steen3Richard Calderone4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USAThe increasing resistance of <i>Fusarium</i> species to nearly all first-line antifungal agents in clinical settings has led to its designation as a ‘high-priority’ human pathogen. As a dual pathogen, <i>Fusarium</i> spp. threaten both human health and crop production, impacting food security. Our recent drug profiling of clinical <i>Fusarium</i> isolates reveals resistance to several front-line antifungals, with notable cross-azole resistance observed in both clinical and plant-associated strains. While the overuse of agricultural azoles has been implicated in the selection of azole-resistant fungi such as <i>Aspergillus</i>, a similar mechanism has been assumed for <i>Fusarium</i> in clinical settings. However, direct genetic evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited. In this review, part of our Special Interest (SI) series, we discuss the spectrum of human diseases caused by <i>Fusarium</i>. While incidence data are better established for human keratitis and onychomycosis, invasive fusariosis remains globally underreported. We propose reasons for this distinct clinical spectrum bias and explore the potential genetic basis of azole resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/294<i>Fusarium</i> species complexesfusariosisbiofilm biologyantifungal resistance |
| spellingShingle | Dongmei Li Kincer Amburgey-Crovetti Emilie Applebach Tomoko Y. Steen Richard Calderone The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms Journal of Fungi <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes fusariosis biofilm biology antifungal resistance |
| title | The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms |
| title_full | The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms |
| title_short | The Dual Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i>: Diseases, Incidence, Azole Resistance, and Biofilms |
| title_sort | dual pathogen i fusarium i diseases incidence azole resistance and biofilms |
| topic | <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes fusariosis biofilm biology antifungal resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/294 |
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