Current state of white mustard production and its national value
The article substantiates the prospects for growing white mustard as an important financial source of agricultural enterprise. The sowing areas in the world, in Ukraine and markets for the products are given. A comprehensive analysis of economically valuable properties of the culture and its applic...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/280 |
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| Summary: | The article substantiates the prospects for growing white mustard as an important financial source of agricultural enterprise. The sowing areas in the world, in Ukraine and markets for the products are given. A comprehensive analysis of economically valuable properties of the culture and its application as a food and technical culture has been made. Mustard is a valuable crop precursor: liberates the field early; a powerful root system drains the soil well, enriches it with organic matter; root and crop residues have a depressing effect on the development of diseases. The root system is able to assimilate nutrients from poorly soluble forms of potassium and phosphorus, therefore it can grow on low-fertile soils with a slightly acidic reaction. Mustard is an ecologically plastic crop. The formation of 1 ton of seeds requires 55–60 kg of nitrogen, 25–30 kg phosphorus and 25–35 kg potassium. The agro-ecological advantages of growing mustard in Ukraine, its medico-biological properties, high profitability of production (more than 110 %) contribute to the further development of the sales market, its processing and increase the profitability of the crop.
Mustard is a cheap and effective fertilizer, green manure. Seeds (almost 100% of use) can be used in many areas of production. A by-product is mustard meal, which, after degreasing and grinding, turns into mustard powder – a product that is appreciated in the domestic and foreign markets. Mustard oil is used in food, confectionery, canning, margarine, soap-making, perfumery, paint and varnish industries. Natural antiseptic properties, due to the specific chemical composition and the presence of essential oil, make it possible to use it in medicine. Mustard oil is distinguished by a high content of biologically active substances necessary for our body (vitamins (A, D, E, K), fatty acids, phytosterols, chlorophyll, phytoncides etc.). Linoleic and linolenic essential fatty acids in mustard oil improve functioning of the cardiovascular system, normalize fat metabolism, maintain optimal hormonal balance, help strengthen immune system, and neutralize harmful effects of toxins.
It was determined that a number of scientific institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine system are working on the development, testing and transfer to production of new varieties of mustard.
The main reasons for the insufficient popularity of the culture are given, they do not contribute to its spread into production – absence of new ecologically plastic varieties and imperfect cultivation technologies related to other oilseeds.
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| ISSN: | 0130-8521 2786-5231 |