Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus

Developing an understanding of how organisms interact with their environment is crucial in creating best management practices in managed-care settings and improving conservation efforts. It similarly is important in understanding and developing research questions surrounding animal behavior and cogn...

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Main Authors: Dylan K. Davidoff, Erin E. Frick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Animal Behavior and Cognition 2025-08-01
Series:Animal Behavior and Cognition
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Online Access:https://www.animalbehaviorandcognition.org/uploads/journals/63/6%20Davidoff_Frick_ABC_12(3).pdf
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author Dylan K. Davidoff
Erin E. Frick
author_facet Dylan K. Davidoff
Erin E. Frick
author_sort Dylan K. Davidoff
collection DOAJ
description Developing an understanding of how organisms interact with their environment is crucial in creating best management practices in managed-care settings and improving conservation efforts. It similarly is important in understanding and developing research questions surrounding animal behavior and cognition. For many invertebrates, the knowledge surrounding behavior, welfare, cognition, and husbandry practices is greatly limited, posing a multitude of concerns when establishing these best management practices and general awareness for these animals. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus; horseshoe crab), is often referred to as a living fossil species. However, their behaviors, like many invertebrates, are not well documented in scientific literature. This study presents the first peer-reviewed ethogram of Limulus polyphemus, operationally defining 47 behaviors. Horseshoe crabs were observed in both in-situ and ex-situ settings. The intention of this study was (1) to create a behavioral foundation that can be expanded upon and referenced, (2) to standardize the behavioral language regarding the species, (3) to demonstrate inter-rater reliability of the presented ethogram, (4) to propose potential applications, and (5) to further cultivate specialized research questions about horseshoe crab behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-5c671a3c295748b29d8881fdcc0083132025-08-20T04:02:50ZengAnimal Behavior and CognitionAnimal Behavior and Cognition2372-43232025-08-0112344346110.26451/abc.12.03.06.2025Ethogram of Limulus polyphemusDylan K. DavidoffErin E. FrickDeveloping an understanding of how organisms interact with their environment is crucial in creating best management practices in managed-care settings and improving conservation efforts. It similarly is important in understanding and developing research questions surrounding animal behavior and cognition. For many invertebrates, the knowledge surrounding behavior, welfare, cognition, and husbandry practices is greatly limited, posing a multitude of concerns when establishing these best management practices and general awareness for these animals. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus; horseshoe crab), is often referred to as a living fossil species. However, their behaviors, like many invertebrates, are not well documented in scientific literature. This study presents the first peer-reviewed ethogram of Limulus polyphemus, operationally defining 47 behaviors. Horseshoe crabs were observed in both in-situ and ex-situ settings. The intention of this study was (1) to create a behavioral foundation that can be expanded upon and referenced, (2) to standardize the behavioral language regarding the species, (3) to demonstrate inter-rater reliability of the presented ethogram, (4) to propose potential applications, and (5) to further cultivate specialized research questions about horseshoe crab behavior. https://www.animalbehaviorandcognition.org/uploads/journals/63/6%20Davidoff_Frick_ABC_12(3).pdfbehaviorwelfareethogramhorseshoe crab
spellingShingle Dylan K. Davidoff
Erin E. Frick
Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
Animal Behavior and Cognition
behavior
welfare
ethogram
horseshoe crab
title Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
title_full Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
title_fullStr Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
title_full_unstemmed Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
title_short Ethogram of Limulus polyphemus
title_sort ethogram of limulus polyphemus
topic behavior
welfare
ethogram
horseshoe crab
url https://www.animalbehaviorandcognition.org/uploads/journals/63/6%20Davidoff_Frick_ABC_12(3).pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT dylankdavidoff ethogramoflimuluspolyphemus
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