Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test
Background: <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz is an endemic plant from Mexico and Central America, where it is called “hoja santa”, and it is widely used in both local cuisine and traditional medicine. By using the Ames test (strain TA98), we recently demonstrated that ethanol extract from the...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Luis S. Muñoz-Carrillo Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar Sandra L. Hernández-Ojeda José A. Morales-González Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán Isela Álvarez-González J. Javier Espinosa-Aguirre |
| author_facet | Luis S. Muñoz-Carrillo Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar Sandra L. Hernández-Ojeda José A. Morales-González Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán Isela Álvarez-González J. Javier Espinosa-Aguirre |
| author_sort | Luis S. Muñoz-Carrillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz is an endemic plant from Mexico and Central America, where it is called “hoja santa”, and it is widely used in both local cuisine and traditional medicine. By using the Ames test (strain TA98), we recently demonstrated that ethanol extract from the plant has no mutagenic potential and that it has a significant antimutagenic effect. Objectives/Methods: In the present report, we extended this evaluation by using five strains of the <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome mutagenicity assay. Moreover, we evaluated the mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of the major component of the ethanol extract, safrole, with the TA98 strain and employed docking studies to examine the molecular relationship of safrole with the CYP1A1 isoform. Results: Our results confirmed the absence of mutagenicity in the ethanol plant extract, as well as a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). With respect to safrole, we also determined that the compound has no mutagenic potential and has a strong inhibitory effect on the damage induced by BaP. Docking and kinetic analysis confirmed the coupling of safrole with the active site of the CYP1A1 enzyme, leading to competitive inhibition. Conclusions: These results suggest that the inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity is one of the possible antimutagenic mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c62e2b42b0b424cb12c9bbab7afe6fe2025-08-20T03:43:27ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-03-0115316410.3390/metabo15030164Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames TestLuis S. Muñoz-Carrillo0Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar1Sandra L. Hernández-Ojeda2José A. Morales-González3Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán4Isela Álvarez-González5J. Javier Espinosa-Aguirre6Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, MexicoLaboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, MexicoLaboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, MexicoLaboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, MexicoLaboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, MexicoBackground: <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz is an endemic plant from Mexico and Central America, where it is called “hoja santa”, and it is widely used in both local cuisine and traditional medicine. By using the Ames test (strain TA98), we recently demonstrated that ethanol extract from the plant has no mutagenic potential and that it has a significant antimutagenic effect. Objectives/Methods: In the present report, we extended this evaluation by using five strains of the <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome mutagenicity assay. Moreover, we evaluated the mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of the major component of the ethanol extract, safrole, with the TA98 strain and employed docking studies to examine the molecular relationship of safrole with the CYP1A1 isoform. Results: Our results confirmed the absence of mutagenicity in the ethanol plant extract, as well as a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). With respect to safrole, we also determined that the compound has no mutagenic potential and has a strong inhibitory effect on the damage induced by BaP. Docking and kinetic analysis confirmed the coupling of safrole with the active site of the CYP1A1 enzyme, leading to competitive inhibition. Conclusions: These results suggest that the inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity is one of the possible antimutagenic mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/164Ames testCYP1A1docking studiesmutagenicity/antimutagenicity<i>Piper auritum</i>safrole |
| spellingShingle | Luis S. Muñoz-Carrillo Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar Sandra L. Hernández-Ojeda José A. Morales-González Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán Isela Álvarez-González J. Javier Espinosa-Aguirre Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test Metabolites Ames test CYP1A1 docking studies mutagenicity/antimutagenicity <i>Piper auritum</i> safrole |
| title | Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test |
| title_full | Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test |
| title_fullStr | Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test |
| title_short | Studies of <i>Piper auritum</i> Kuntz’s Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Properties Using the Ames Test |
| title_sort | studies of i piper auritum i kuntz s mutagenic and antimutagenic properties using the ames test |
| topic | Ames test CYP1A1 docking studies mutagenicity/antimutagenicity <i>Piper auritum</i> safrole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/164 |
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