Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Cortical bone trajectory screw (CBTS) is reported to offer increased cortical bone purchase and improved outcomes as compared to the traditional pedicle screw (PS), particularly in osteoporotic patients. The systematic review aims to compare randomized controlled trials comparing CBTS wi...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Talal Ibrahim, Cole Veliky, Elizabeth Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research 2025-05-01
Series:Spine Surgery and Related Research
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ssrr/9/3/9_2024-0292/_pdf/-char/en
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author Muhammad Talal Ibrahim
Cole Veliky
Elizabeth Yu
author_facet Muhammad Talal Ibrahim
Cole Veliky
Elizabeth Yu
author_sort Muhammad Talal Ibrahim
collection DOAJ
description Background: Cortical bone trajectory screw (CBTS) is reported to offer increased cortical bone purchase and improved outcomes as compared to the traditional pedicle screw (PS), particularly in osteoporotic patients. The systematic review aims to compare randomized controlled trials comparing CBTS with PS in single-level lumbar spine fusion surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Moreover, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were also searched. Outcome measures included fusion rates, complication rates, perioperative parameters, pain scores, and functionality. (PROSPERO: CRD42024523809). Results: Four manuscripts, reporting on three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 416 patients, were included in this review. The follow-up ranged from 24 to 26 months postoperatively. All patients underwent single-level fusion only. There was no significant difference in the fusion rates between CBTS and PS at one-year (risk ratio [RR] 1.05 [0.97, 1.13], p=0.24) or two-year (RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08], p=0.47) follow-ups. The CBTS group had a lower risk of intraoperative complications (RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.60], p<0.001) but an equal risk of postoperative complications (RR 0.71 [0.42, 1.22], p=0.22). There was no difference in pain, functionality, disability, and quality-of-life scores. CBTS group had better outcomes in incision length (mean difference [MD] -25.44 [-40.76, -10.12], p=0.001), operative time (MD -20.71 [-32.91, -8.51], p=0.009), and blood loss (MD -60.23 [-106.74, -13.72], p=0.01), while there was no difference in length of stay (MD -0.49 [-1.01, 0.04], p=0.07). Conclusions: Although slightly favoring CBTS, RCTs were limited in number and had a serious risk of bias. Future RCTs should use superiority trial designs, have minimal bias, and include implant details, incidence of adjacent segment disease, and quality-of-life metrics.
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spelling doaj-art-5c629ac36a064ee5b31df0082460712e2025-08-20T02:08:40ZengThe Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related ResearchSpine Surgery and Related Research2432-261X2025-05-019328929910.22603/ssrr.2024-02922024-0292Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsMuhammad Talal Ibrahim0Cole Veliky1Elizabeth Yu2Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterCollege of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterDivision of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterBackground: Cortical bone trajectory screw (CBTS) is reported to offer increased cortical bone purchase and improved outcomes as compared to the traditional pedicle screw (PS), particularly in osteoporotic patients. The systematic review aims to compare randomized controlled trials comparing CBTS with PS in single-level lumbar spine fusion surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Moreover, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were also searched. Outcome measures included fusion rates, complication rates, perioperative parameters, pain scores, and functionality. (PROSPERO: CRD42024523809). Results: Four manuscripts, reporting on three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 416 patients, were included in this review. The follow-up ranged from 24 to 26 months postoperatively. All patients underwent single-level fusion only. There was no significant difference in the fusion rates between CBTS and PS at one-year (risk ratio [RR] 1.05 [0.97, 1.13], p=0.24) or two-year (RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08], p=0.47) follow-ups. The CBTS group had a lower risk of intraoperative complications (RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.60], p<0.001) but an equal risk of postoperative complications (RR 0.71 [0.42, 1.22], p=0.22). There was no difference in pain, functionality, disability, and quality-of-life scores. CBTS group had better outcomes in incision length (mean difference [MD] -25.44 [-40.76, -10.12], p=0.001), operative time (MD -20.71 [-32.91, -8.51], p=0.009), and blood loss (MD -60.23 [-106.74, -13.72], p=0.01), while there was no difference in length of stay (MD -0.49 [-1.01, 0.04], p=0.07). Conclusions: Although slightly favoring CBTS, RCTs were limited in number and had a serious risk of bias. Future RCTs should use superiority trial designs, have minimal bias, and include implant details, incidence of adjacent segment disease, and quality-of-life metrics.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ssrr/9/3/9_2024-0292/_pdf/-char/enlumbar vertebraespinal fusionpedicle screwcortical screwcortical bonetreatment outcomedegenerative spine diseasepostoperative complicationsmeta-analysissystematic review
spellingShingle Muhammad Talal Ibrahim
Cole Veliky
Elizabeth Yu
Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Spine Surgery and Related Research
lumbar vertebrae
spinal fusion
pedicle screw
cortical screw
cortical bone
treatment outcome
degenerative spine disease
postoperative complications
meta-analysis
systematic review
title Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_fullStr Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full_unstemmed Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_short Outcomes after Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw versus Traditional Pedicle Screw in Single-Level Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_sort outcomes after cortical bone trajectory screw versus traditional pedicle screw in single level lumbar spine surgery a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
topic lumbar vertebrae
spinal fusion
pedicle screw
cortical screw
cortical bone
treatment outcome
degenerative spine disease
postoperative complications
meta-analysis
systematic review
url https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ssrr/9/3/9_2024-0292/_pdf/-char/en
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