Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at higher risk of developing pulmonary infection (PI), and plasma fibrinogen level may be an independent risk factor for PI. However, the relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence in the SCI population remains unclear. This...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jinlong Zhang, Cheng Wang, Chengqi He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03332-y
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850182142709989376
author Jinlong Zhang
Cheng Wang
Chengqi He
author_facet Jinlong Zhang
Cheng Wang
Chengqi He
author_sort Jinlong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at higher risk of developing pulmonary infection (PI), and plasma fibrinogen level may be an independent risk factor for PI. However, the relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence in the SCI population remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between plasma fibrinogen level and the occurrence of PI among SCI patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 576 SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Following exclusions, 491 patients were included in the final analysis, with 139 PI cases identified. Results Surgery, level of injury and chest comorbidities were covariates in the relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence. Other identified potential risk factors for PI included age, D-dimer level, urinary tract infections (UTI), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anticoagulant therapy, injury mechanism, and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades. After adjusting for these factors, we found that for every 1 g/L increase in fibrinogen level, the risk of developing PI increased by 18% (HR = 1.18, P = 0.011), and indicating a positive linear relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence. Conclusion Plasma fibrinogen was an independent risk factor for PI in patients with SCI, especially for AIS-B and C grades. Proactive management of fibrinogen level after admission to rehabilitation medicine department could be crucial in reducing the incidence of PI in this vulnerable population. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
format Article
id doaj-art-5c5f08ee417a4f6faa1e8569bd5d308f
institution OA Journals
issn 1471-2466
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Pulmonary Medicine
spelling doaj-art-5c5f08ee417a4f6faa1e8569bd5d308f2025-08-20T02:17:41ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662024-10-0124111410.1186/s12890-024-03332-yPlasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort studyJinlong Zhang0Cheng Wang1Chengqi He2Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of ChinaRehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at higher risk of developing pulmonary infection (PI), and plasma fibrinogen level may be an independent risk factor for PI. However, the relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence in the SCI population remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between plasma fibrinogen level and the occurrence of PI among SCI patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 576 SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Following exclusions, 491 patients were included in the final analysis, with 139 PI cases identified. Results Surgery, level of injury and chest comorbidities were covariates in the relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence. Other identified potential risk factors for PI included age, D-dimer level, urinary tract infections (UTI), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anticoagulant therapy, injury mechanism, and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades. After adjusting for these factors, we found that for every 1 g/L increase in fibrinogen level, the risk of developing PI increased by 18% (HR = 1.18, P = 0.011), and indicating a positive linear relationship between fibrinogen level and PI incidence. Conclusion Plasma fibrinogen was an independent risk factor for PI in patients with SCI, especially for AIS-B and C grades. Proactive management of fibrinogen level after admission to rehabilitation medicine department could be crucial in reducing the incidence of PI in this vulnerable population. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03332-ySpinal cord injuryFibrinogenPulmonary infectionPneumonia
spellingShingle Jinlong Zhang
Cheng Wang
Chengqi He
Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Spinal cord injury
Fibrinogen
Pulmonary infection
Pneumonia
title Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort plasma fibrinogen level is independent risk factor associated with the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with spinal cord injury a retrospective cohort study
topic Spinal cord injury
Fibrinogen
Pulmonary infection
Pneumonia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03332-y
work_keys_str_mv AT jinlongzhang plasmafibrinogenlevelisindependentriskfactorassociatedwiththeincidenceofpulmonaryinfectioninpatientswithspinalcordinjuryaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT chengwang plasmafibrinogenlevelisindependentriskfactorassociatedwiththeincidenceofpulmonaryinfectioninpatientswithspinalcordinjuryaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT chengqihe plasmafibrinogenlevelisindependentriskfactorassociatedwiththeincidenceofpulmonaryinfectioninpatientswithspinalcordinjuryaretrospectivecohortstudy