Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission
In 2011–2013, we isolated and characterized small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) from two flocks, one of goats and the other of sheep, that had never been in direct contact. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses indicated a common origin, which led us to hypothesize indirect transmission of these vi...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Maksym Samoilenko Vitalii Nedosekov Giuseppe Bertoni |
| author_facet | Maksym Samoilenko Vitalii Nedosekov Giuseppe Bertoni |
| author_sort | Maksym Samoilenko |
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| description | In 2011–2013, we isolated and characterized small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) from two flocks, one of goats and the other of sheep, that had never been in direct contact. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses indicated a common origin, which led us to hypothesize indirect transmission of these viruses between the two flocks. Since, to our knowledge, there are no published data on the tenacity of these viruses, we started this work. In the first part, we monitored the loss of infectivity of two prototypic SRLV strains, MVV 1514 and CAEV-CO, over time, in liquid suspension. As expected, the suspensions stored at 4 °C better preserved the infectivity of the viruses. Additionally, viruses resuspended in milk, the medium mirroring the in vivo situation, proved more tenacious than those maintained in a cell culture medium. These viruses, subjected to harsh treatments such as drying and resuspending, partially maintained their replication capacity. After an immediate loss of nearly 1 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub> immediately after desiccation, the viruses maintained their replication capacity for at least three weeks when desiccated in milk. These results suggest that fomites, clothing, or pastures contaminated with secretions or milk from infected animals might mediate the infection of animals independently of direct contact. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c518a4ec8de4f3fa6b8862bb4d6047d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5c518a4ec8de4f3fa6b8862bb4d6047d2025-08-20T01:50:10ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117341910.3390/v17030419Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ TransmissionMaksym Samoilenko0Vitalii Nedosekov1Giuseppe Bertoni2Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, 3147 Mittelhäusern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Epizootiology, Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, UkraineInstitute of Virology and Immunology IVI, 3147 Mittelhäusern, SwitzerlandIn 2011–2013, we isolated and characterized small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) from two flocks, one of goats and the other of sheep, that had never been in direct contact. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses indicated a common origin, which led us to hypothesize indirect transmission of these viruses between the two flocks. Since, to our knowledge, there are no published data on the tenacity of these viruses, we started this work. In the first part, we monitored the loss of infectivity of two prototypic SRLV strains, MVV 1514 and CAEV-CO, over time, in liquid suspension. As expected, the suspensions stored at 4 °C better preserved the infectivity of the viruses. Additionally, viruses resuspended in milk, the medium mirroring the in vivo situation, proved more tenacious than those maintained in a cell culture medium. These viruses, subjected to harsh treatments such as drying and resuspending, partially maintained their replication capacity. After an immediate loss of nearly 1 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub> immediately after desiccation, the viruses maintained their replication capacity for at least three weeks when desiccated in milk. These results suggest that fomites, clothing, or pastures contaminated with secretions or milk from infected animals might mediate the infection of animals independently of direct contact.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/419small ruminant lentivirusesCAEVMVVVMVtenacitystability |
| spellingShingle | Maksym Samoilenko Vitalii Nedosekov Giuseppe Bertoni Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission Viruses small ruminant lentiviruses CAEV MVV VMV tenacity stability |
| title | Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission |
| title_full | Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission |
| title_fullStr | Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission |
| title_short | Testing the Tenacity of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses In Vitro to Assess the Potential Risk of Indirect Fomites’ Transmission |
| title_sort | testing the tenacity of small ruminant lentiviruses in vitro to assess the potential risk of indirect fomites transmission |
| topic | small ruminant lentiviruses CAEV MVV VMV tenacity stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/419 |
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