Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation
Magnetite-loaded biochar has recently received attention owing to its ability to remove arsenic from contaminated soil. In this study, mulberry stem biochar (MBC) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-loaded mulberry stem biochar (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Ziling Tang Meina Liang Yanmei Ding Chongmin Liu Qing Zhang Dunqiu Wang Xuehong Zhang |
| author_facet | Ziling Tang Meina Liang Yanmei Ding Chongmin Liu Qing Zhang Dunqiu Wang Xuehong Zhang |
| author_sort | Ziling Tang |
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| description | Magnetite-loaded biochar has recently received attention owing to its ability to remove arsenic from contaminated soil. In this study, mulberry stem biochar (MBC) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-loaded mulberry stem biochar (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC) were produced and used in a 100-day incubation experiment to investigate their performance in the stabilization of arsenic in paddy soil severely polluted by the As (237.68 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>) mechanism. Incubation experiments showed that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC was more effective in immobilizing As after incubation for 100 days. Moreover, adding Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC facilitated the transformation of exchangeable heavy metals into organic-bound and residual forms, thereby reducing As available concentrations, mobility, and bioavailability in the soil, and elevating slightly the soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The concentration of TCLP-extractable As (As<sub>TCLP</sub>) in contaminated soil was reduced from 93.85 to 7.64 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> within 10 d, below the safety limit for drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The characterization results of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC after incubation indicated that the mechanisms for As passivation are linked to redox reactions, complexation, electrostatic attraction, surface adsorption, and coprecipitation. Conclusively, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC is a promising amendment in highly As-contaminated soil and provides a theoretical reference in such polluted paddy soil remediation. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c4e09c1b7564c8f8d6b1157eaf84b7d2025-08-20T02:27:40ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-10-01121176510.3390/toxics12110765Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil RemediationZiling Tang0Meina Liang1Yanmei Ding2Chongmin Liu3Qing Zhang4Dunqiu Wang5Xuehong Zhang6College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaMagnetite-loaded biochar has recently received attention owing to its ability to remove arsenic from contaminated soil. In this study, mulberry stem biochar (MBC) and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-loaded mulberry stem biochar (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC) were produced and used in a 100-day incubation experiment to investigate their performance in the stabilization of arsenic in paddy soil severely polluted by the As (237.68 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>) mechanism. Incubation experiments showed that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC was more effective in immobilizing As after incubation for 100 days. Moreover, adding Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC facilitated the transformation of exchangeable heavy metals into organic-bound and residual forms, thereby reducing As available concentrations, mobility, and bioavailability in the soil, and elevating slightly the soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The concentration of TCLP-extractable As (As<sub>TCLP</sub>) in contaminated soil was reduced from 93.85 to 7.64 μg·L<sup>−1</sup> within 10 d, below the safety limit for drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The characterization results of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC after incubation indicated that the mechanisms for As passivation are linked to redox reactions, complexation, electrostatic attraction, surface adsorption, and coprecipitation. Conclusively, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC is a promising amendment in highly As-contaminated soil and provides a theoretical reference in such polluted paddy soil remediation.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/765arsenicmagnetic biocharpaddy fieldsoil remediation |
| spellingShingle | Ziling Tang Meina Liang Yanmei Ding Chongmin Liu Qing Zhang Dunqiu Wang Xuehong Zhang Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation Toxics arsenic magnetic biochar paddy field soil remediation |
| title | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation |
| title_full | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation |
| title_fullStr | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation |
| title_short | Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Mulberry Stem Biochar as a Potential Amendment for Highly Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil Remediation |
| title_sort | fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub mulberry stem biochar as a potential amendment for highly arsenic contaminated paddy soil remediation |
| topic | arsenic magnetic biochar paddy field soil remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/765 |
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