Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts
Background: Gestational exposures to single toxic chemicals have been associated with cognitive deficits in children, but few studies have explored chemical mixtures. Objectives: To evaluate the associations between gestational chemical biomarker mixtures and cognitive abilities in children from two...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Jagadeesh Puvvula Wei-Ting Hwang Lawrence McCandless Changchun Xie Joseph M. Braun Ann M. Vuong Youssef Oulhote Enrique F. Schisterman Russell T. Shinohara Linda Booij Maryse F. Bouchard Kristin Linn Michael M. Borghese Jean R. Seguin Angelika Zidek Christine Till William Fraser Kimberly Yolton Kim M. Cecil Jillian Ashley-Martin Tye E. Arbuckle Bruce Lanphear Aimin Chen |
| author_facet | Jagadeesh Puvvula Wei-Ting Hwang Lawrence McCandless Changchun Xie Joseph M. Braun Ann M. Vuong Youssef Oulhote Enrique F. Schisterman Russell T. Shinohara Linda Booij Maryse F. Bouchard Kristin Linn Michael M. Borghese Jean R. Seguin Angelika Zidek Christine Till William Fraser Kimberly Yolton Kim M. Cecil Jillian Ashley-Martin Tye E. Arbuckle Bruce Lanphear Aimin Chen |
| author_sort | Jagadeesh Puvvula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Gestational exposures to single toxic chemicals have been associated with cognitive deficits in children, but few studies have explored chemical mixtures. Objectives: To evaluate the associations between gestational chemical biomarker mixtures and cognitive abilities in children from two prospective cohorts. Methods: This study includes 617 birthing parent–child pairs from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) and Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Studies. We measured 29 chemical biomarkers (metals, persistent organic pollutants, perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, phenols, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and parabens) in pregnant individuals during early pregnancy and their children’s cognitive abilities at ages 3 to 5 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scales. We assessed linear associations using quantile g-computation and non-linear associations using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) methods, adjusted for covariates. Results: Using quantile g-computation, we observed overall null associations between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive outcomes among preschool-age children. Although statistical significance was not attained for child sex as an effect modifier, our stratified analysis unveiled a moderate divergence in association trends. We noted a marginal inverse trend between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores [Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) & Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ)] among males. Using quantile g-computation and BKMR methods, we observed that PBDE47, PFHxS, and di-ethyl organophosphates commonly contributed towards a decline in FSIQ scores in males. Among males, a quartile increase in the chemical biomarker mixture was associated with a 0.64-point decrease (95% CI: −2.59, 1.31) in the FSIQ score and a 1.59-point decrease (95% CI: −3.72, 0.54) in the PIQ score. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a weak negative trend between the gestational chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores (FSIQ/PIQ) among males. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings between the longitudinal chemical biomarkers and child cognitive scores at school ages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c458ea1e7814518bc64adc298b47121 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5c458ea1e7814518bc64adc298b471212025-02-02T05:26:39ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-02-01196109298Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohortsJagadeesh Puvvula0Wei-Ting Hwang1Lawrence McCandless2Changchun Xie3Joseph M. Braun4Ann M. Vuong5Youssef Oulhote6Enrique F. Schisterman7Russell T. Shinohara8Linda Booij9Maryse F. Bouchard10Kristin Linn11Michael M. Borghese12Jean R. Seguin13Angelika Zidek14Christine Till15William Fraser16Kimberly Yolton17Kim M. Cecil18Jillian Ashley-Martin19Tye E. Arbuckle20Bruce Lanphear21Aimin Chen22Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corresponding author at: 423 Guardian Drive, Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CanadaDepartment of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USADepartment of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USADepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal West Island Integrated Health and Social Services Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Montreal, CanadaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaCHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaExisting Substances and Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaPsychology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USADepartment of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USAEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaEnvironmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USABackground: Gestational exposures to single toxic chemicals have been associated with cognitive deficits in children, but few studies have explored chemical mixtures. Objectives: To evaluate the associations between gestational chemical biomarker mixtures and cognitive abilities in children from two prospective cohorts. Methods: This study includes 617 birthing parent–child pairs from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) and Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Studies. We measured 29 chemical biomarkers (metals, persistent organic pollutants, perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, phenols, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and parabens) in pregnant individuals during early pregnancy and their children’s cognitive abilities at ages 3 to 5 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scales. We assessed linear associations using quantile g-computation and non-linear associations using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) methods, adjusted for covariates. Results: Using quantile g-computation, we observed overall null associations between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive outcomes among preschool-age children. Although statistical significance was not attained for child sex as an effect modifier, our stratified analysis unveiled a moderate divergence in association trends. We noted a marginal inverse trend between the chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores [Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) & Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ)] among males. Using quantile g-computation and BKMR methods, we observed that PBDE47, PFHxS, and di-ethyl organophosphates commonly contributed towards a decline in FSIQ scores in males. Among males, a quartile increase in the chemical biomarker mixture was associated with a 0.64-point decrease (95% CI: −2.59, 1.31) in the FSIQ score and a 1.59-point decrease (95% CI: −3.72, 0.54) in the PIQ score. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a weak negative trend between the gestational chemical biomarker mixture and cognitive scores (FSIQ/PIQ) among males. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings between the longitudinal chemical biomarkers and child cognitive scores at school ages.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000492Environmental chemicalMixtureGestationalChild IQCognitiveWPPSI |
| spellingShingle | Jagadeesh Puvvula Wei-Ting Hwang Lawrence McCandless Changchun Xie Joseph M. Braun Ann M. Vuong Youssef Oulhote Enrique F. Schisterman Russell T. Shinohara Linda Booij Maryse F. Bouchard Kristin Linn Michael M. Borghese Jean R. Seguin Angelika Zidek Christine Till William Fraser Kimberly Yolton Kim M. Cecil Jillian Ashley-Martin Tye E. Arbuckle Bruce Lanphear Aimin Chen Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts Environment International Environmental chemical Mixture Gestational Child IQ Cognitive WPPSI |
| title | Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts |
| title_full | Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts |
| title_fullStr | Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts |
| title_short | Gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children: A pooled analysis of two North American birth cohorts |
| title_sort | gestational exposure to environmental chemical mixtures and cognitive abilities in children a pooled analysis of two north american birth cohorts |
| topic | Environmental chemical Mixture Gestational Child IQ Cognitive WPPSI |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000492 |
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