Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Efficient monitoring is essential to achieve optimal growth and productivity in shallot cultivation (Allium ascalonicum L.), particularly within large-scale agricultural developments, such as the Food Estate program in Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of p...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Energy Nexus |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125001548 |
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| author | Riswanti Sigalingging Rangga Resna Immanuel Pasaribu Noverita Sprinse Vinolina Lukman Adlin Harahap Candra Sigalingging Kartika Purwandari |
| author_facet | Riswanti Sigalingging Rangga Resna Immanuel Pasaribu Noverita Sprinse Vinolina Lukman Adlin Harahap Candra Sigalingging Kartika Purwandari |
| author_sort | Riswanti Sigalingging |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Efficient monitoring is essential to achieve optimal growth and productivity in shallot cultivation (Allium ascalonicum L.), particularly within large-scale agricultural developments, such as the Food Estate program in Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of photosynthetic energy absorption in shallot farming by combining Sentinel-2 level 2A data with NetBeat™, an advanced decision support platform developed by Netafim. Three vegetation indices—MSAVI (Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), and NDRE (Normalised Difference Red Edge)—were employed to evaluate the photosynthetic performance of three shallot varieties: Lokananta, Sanren F1, and Maserati. The study began by establishing coordinate-based sample plots of 0.2–0.25 hectares in the Food Estate area, where sensors were strategically placed to collect environmental and crop data. Each coordinate point consisted of six samples of the same shallot variety arranged in a grid pattern. Observations were conducted over 120 days, covering four distinct growth stages: leaf formation, vegetative growth, tuber formation, and canopy ageing. Data were collected from laboratory analyses and field trials, supported by Netbeat technology integrated into a digital farming system. The results revealed that overall photon energy absorption efficiency was relatively low, with significant disparities among the varieties. Among the indices, MSAVI provided a more accurate assessment of photosynthetic activity compared to NDVI and NDRE. Notably, the Sanren F1 variety demonstrated the highest potential for efficient cultivation, suggesting its suitability for future shallot production in the Food Estate region of Hutajulu. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c39cfd8195b4ba4a3b3247cd78ea57a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2772-4271 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Energy Nexus |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c39cfd8195b4ba4a3b3247cd78ea57a2025-08-26T04:14:37ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-09-011910051310.1016/j.nexus.2025.100513Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, IndonesiaRiswanti Sigalingging0Rangga Resna Immanuel Pasaribu1Noverita Sprinse Vinolina2Lukman Adlin Harahap3Candra Sigalingging4Kartika Purwandari5Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Prof. A. Sofyan No.3, 20155, Medan, Indonesia; Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory of Energy and Electrification, Prof. A. Sofyan No.3, 20155, Medan, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Universitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Prof. A. Sofyan No.3, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaUniversitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrotechnology, Prof. A. Sofyan No.3, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaUniversitas Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Prof. A. Sofyan No.3, 20155, Medan, IndonesiaUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jl. H. A. Manaf Lubis No 2 Helvetia, Medan, IndonesiaComputer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11530, IndonesiaEfficient monitoring is essential to achieve optimal growth and productivity in shallot cultivation (Allium ascalonicum L.), particularly within large-scale agricultural developments, such as the Food Estate program in Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of photosynthetic energy absorption in shallot farming by combining Sentinel-2 level 2A data with NetBeat™, an advanced decision support platform developed by Netafim. Three vegetation indices—MSAVI (Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), and NDRE (Normalised Difference Red Edge)—were employed to evaluate the photosynthetic performance of three shallot varieties: Lokananta, Sanren F1, and Maserati. The study began by establishing coordinate-based sample plots of 0.2–0.25 hectares in the Food Estate area, where sensors were strategically placed to collect environmental and crop data. Each coordinate point consisted of six samples of the same shallot variety arranged in a grid pattern. Observations were conducted over 120 days, covering four distinct growth stages: leaf formation, vegetative growth, tuber formation, and canopy ageing. Data were collected from laboratory analyses and field trials, supported by Netbeat technology integrated into a digital farming system. The results revealed that overall photon energy absorption efficiency was relatively low, with significant disparities among the varieties. Among the indices, MSAVI provided a more accurate assessment of photosynthetic activity compared to NDVI and NDRE. Notably, the Sanren F1 variety demonstrated the highest potential for efficient cultivation, suggesting its suitability for future shallot production in the Food Estate region of Hutajulu.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125001548Shallot farmingPhotosynthetic energySentinel-2Vegetation indexPrecision agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Riswanti Sigalingging Rangga Resna Immanuel Pasaribu Noverita Sprinse Vinolina Lukman Adlin Harahap Candra Sigalingging Kartika Purwandari Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia Energy Nexus Shallot farming Photosynthetic energy Sentinel-2 Vegetation index Precision agriculture |
| title | Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_full | Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_short | Photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining Sentinel-2 data with NetBeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem: Case study at food estate Hutajulu, North Sumatra, Indonesia |
| title_sort | photosynthetic energy assessment in shallot farming using combining sentinel 2 data with netbeat™ in a highland tropical agroecosystem case study at food estate hutajulu north sumatra indonesia |
| topic | Shallot farming Photosynthetic energy Sentinel-2 Vegetation index Precision agriculture |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125001548 |
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