Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity

Leukodystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by specific genetic mutations, metabolic abnormalities, and degeneration of white matter in the central nervous system. These disorders are classified into several categories, with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), meta...

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Main Authors: Dar-Shong Lin, Che-Sheng Ho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/22/1873
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author Dar-Shong Lin
Che-Sheng Ho
author_facet Dar-Shong Lin
Che-Sheng Ho
author_sort Dar-Shong Lin
collection DOAJ
description Leukodystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by specific genetic mutations, metabolic abnormalities, and degeneration of white matter in the central nervous system. These disorders are classified into several categories, with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) being the most prevalent demyelinating leukodystrophies in pediatric populations. Maintaining proteostasis, which is critical for normal cellular function, relies fundamentally on the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy for the degradation of misfolded and damaged proteins. Compelling evidence has highlighted the critical roles of UPS and autophagy dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the complex and poorly understood pathomechanisms underlying demyelinating leukodystrophies, coupled with the pressing need for effective therapeutic strategies, this review aims to systemically analyze the molecular and pathological evidence linking UPS and autophagy dysfunction to demyelinating leukodystrophies, specifically X-ALD and GLD. Furthermore, we will assess the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the management of X-ALD and GLD, with the objective to inspire further research into therapeutic approaches that target autophagy and UPS pathways. Novel therapies that enhance autophagy and UPS function hold promise as complementary regimens in combination therapies aimed at achieving comprehensive correction of the pathogenic mechanisms in demyelinating leukodystrophies.
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spelling doaj-art-5c389ffbc60a4a2c8eed22743af0f8572025-08-20T01:53:44ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-11-011322187310.3390/cells13221873Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic OpportunityDar-Shong Lin0Che-Sheng Ho1Department of Translational Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 10449, TaiwanLeukodystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by specific genetic mutations, metabolic abnormalities, and degeneration of white matter in the central nervous system. These disorders are classified into several categories, with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) being the most prevalent demyelinating leukodystrophies in pediatric populations. Maintaining proteostasis, which is critical for normal cellular function, relies fundamentally on the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy for the degradation of misfolded and damaged proteins. Compelling evidence has highlighted the critical roles of UPS and autophagy dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the complex and poorly understood pathomechanisms underlying demyelinating leukodystrophies, coupled with the pressing need for effective therapeutic strategies, this review aims to systemically analyze the molecular and pathological evidence linking UPS and autophagy dysfunction to demyelinating leukodystrophies, specifically X-ALD and GLD. Furthermore, we will assess the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the management of X-ALD and GLD, with the objective to inspire further research into therapeutic approaches that target autophagy and UPS pathways. Novel therapies that enhance autophagy and UPS function hold promise as complementary regimens in combination therapies aimed at achieving comprehensive correction of the pathogenic mechanisms in demyelinating leukodystrophies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/22/1873white matter diseasesdemyelinating leukodystrophiesX-linked adrenoleukodystrophygloboid cell leukodystrophyautophagyubiquitin–proteasome system
spellingShingle Dar-Shong Lin
Che-Sheng Ho
Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
Cells
white matter diseases
demyelinating leukodystrophies
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
globoid cell leukodystrophy
autophagy
ubiquitin–proteasome system
title Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
title_full Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
title_fullStr Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
title_short Emerging Role of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy in Pediatric Demyelinating Leukodystrophies and Therapeutic Opportunity
title_sort emerging role of ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy in pediatric demyelinating leukodystrophies and therapeutic opportunity
topic white matter diseases
demyelinating leukodystrophies
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
globoid cell leukodystrophy
autophagy
ubiquitin–proteasome system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/22/1873
work_keys_str_mv AT darshonglin emergingroleofubiquitinproteasomesystemandautophagyinpediatricdemyelinatingleukodystrophiesandtherapeuticopportunity
AT cheshengho emergingroleofubiquitinproteasomesystemandautophagyinpediatricdemyelinatingleukodystrophiesandtherapeuticopportunity