Structural basis of human cytomegalovirus neutralization by gB AD-5-specific potent antibodies

Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) poses a severe threat to fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. No approved vaccines and limited treatment options are current medical challenges. Here, we analyze the human B cell responses to glycoprotein B (gB) in three top hCMV neutralizers fr...

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Main Authors: Changwen Wu, Nan Song, Yizhen Zhao, Han Wang, Yuanbao Ai, Yayu Wang, Yueming Wang, Xiaohui Yuan, Tong Liu, Nan Li, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Chengming Li, Lei Zhang, Weihong Zheng, Zhiwei Yang, Shujia Zhu, Hua-Xin Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Cell Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725004176
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Summary:Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) poses a severe threat to fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. No approved vaccines and limited treatment options are current medical challenges. Here, we analyze the human B cell responses to glycoprotein B (gB) in three top hCMV neutralizers from a cohort of 283 individuals with latent-infected hCMV. By single-cell amplification of memory B cells, we identify a cluster of potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) that competitively recognize an unknown vulnerable site on gB antigenic domain 5 (AD-5). This cluster of nAbs functionally outperforms the nAbs utilized in clinical trials. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) unveils the structural basis of the neutralization mechanism of an antibody directly targeting the fusion subdomain on AD-5. Moreover, immunological analyses of human and mouse sera have preliminarily validated the potential superiority of AD-5-focused immune responses. Overall, our results will support the development of optimized gB-based vaccines and provide promising prophylactic and therapeutic antibody candidates against hCMV infection.
ISSN:2211-1247