Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA

The spatial distribution of vegetation across metropolitan areas is important for wildlife habitat, air quality, heat mitigation, recreation, and other ecosystem services. This study investigated relationships between vegetation patterns and parcel characteristics at multiple scales of the Austin Me...

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Main Authors: Raihan Jamil, Jason P. Julian, Meredith K. Steele
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Geographies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7086/5/1/11
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author Raihan Jamil
Jason P. Julian
Meredith K. Steele
author_facet Raihan Jamil
Jason P. Julian
Meredith K. Steele
author_sort Raihan Jamil
collection DOAJ
description The spatial distribution of vegetation across metropolitan areas is important for wildlife habitat, air quality, heat mitigation, recreation, and other ecosystem services. This study investigated relationships between vegetation patterns and parcel characteristics at multiple scales of the Austin Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a rapidly growing region in central Texas characterized by diverse biophysical and socioeconomic landscapes. We used LiDAR data to map vegetation types and distributions across a 6000 km<sup>2</sup> study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) and regression models were employed to explore tree, shrub, and grass cover across parcels, cities, and the MSA, considering home value, age, size, and distance to the city center. At the MSA scale, tree and shrub cover were higher in the Edwards Plateau than in the Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Tree cover increased with parcel size and home value, especially in suburban areas. Older parcels had more mature trees, though less so in the grass-dominated Blackland Prairie. Shrub cover was higher on larger parcels in the Edwards Plateau, while the Blackland Prairie showed the opposite trend. PCA explained 60% of the variance, highlighting links between vegetation and urban development. Our findings reveal how biophysical and socioeconomic factors interact to shape vegetation, offering considerations for land use, housing, and green infrastructure planning.
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spelling doaj-art-5c16fa62e41a470e9b72da5892d3346c2025-08-20T03:43:39ZengMDPI AGGeographies2673-70862025-03-01511110.3390/geographies5010011Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USARaihan Jamil0Jason P. Julian1Meredith K. Steele2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USASchool of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAThe spatial distribution of vegetation across metropolitan areas is important for wildlife habitat, air quality, heat mitigation, recreation, and other ecosystem services. This study investigated relationships between vegetation patterns and parcel characteristics at multiple scales of the Austin Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a rapidly growing region in central Texas characterized by diverse biophysical and socioeconomic landscapes. We used LiDAR data to map vegetation types and distributions across a 6000 km<sup>2</sup> study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) and regression models were employed to explore tree, shrub, and grass cover across parcels, cities, and the MSA, considering home value, age, size, and distance to the city center. At the MSA scale, tree and shrub cover were higher in the Edwards Plateau than in the Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Tree cover increased with parcel size and home value, especially in suburban areas. Older parcels had more mature trees, though less so in the grass-dominated Blackland Prairie. Shrub cover was higher on larger parcels in the Edwards Plateau, while the Blackland Prairie showed the opposite trend. PCA explained 60% of the variance, highlighting links between vegetation and urban development. Our findings reveal how biophysical and socioeconomic factors interact to shape vegetation, offering considerations for land use, housing, and green infrastructure planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7086/5/1/11vegetation patternsland-cover changeLiDARcanopy height modelurban ecosystems
spellingShingle Raihan Jamil
Jason P. Julian
Meredith K. Steele
Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
Geographies
vegetation patterns
land-cover change
LiDAR
canopy height model
urban ecosystems
title Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
title_full Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
title_fullStr Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
title_full_unstemmed Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
title_short Vegetation Structure and Distribution Across Scales in a Large Metropolitan Area: Case Study of Austin MSA, Texas, USA
title_sort vegetation structure and distribution across scales in a large metropolitan area case study of austin msa texas usa
topic vegetation patterns
land-cover change
LiDAR
canopy height model
urban ecosystems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7086/5/1/11
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AT jasonpjulian vegetationstructureanddistributionacrossscalesinalargemetropolitanareacasestudyofaustinmsatexasusa
AT meredithksteele vegetationstructureanddistributionacrossscalesinalargemetropolitanareacasestudyofaustinmsatexasusa