Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture

Animal manure is applied in agriculture to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Nonetheless, manure can also carry Escherichia coli (E. coli), including antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, it may pose a risk for environmental contamination. This review includes 50 studies which were identifie...

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Main Authors: Nunzio Sarnino, Subhasish Basak, Lucie Collineau, Roswitha Merle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568621/full
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author Nunzio Sarnino
Subhasish Basak
Lucie Collineau
Roswitha Merle
author_facet Nunzio Sarnino
Subhasish Basak
Lucie Collineau
Roswitha Merle
author_sort Nunzio Sarnino
collection DOAJ
description Animal manure is applied in agriculture to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Nonetheless, manure can also carry Escherichia coli (E. coli), including antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, it may pose a risk for environmental contamination. This review includes 50 studies which were identified from the search terms related to the transmission of E. coli through manure. The review outlines the potential routes of E. coli transmission from manure to soil, water and crops and which factors most critically determine persistence and contamination. The persistence of E. coli in soil is highly variable, ranging from <30 days for composted manures to more than 200 days in cooler conditions. These differences depend on the type of manure used, the environmental conditions and the treatment employed. While crops can be contaminated directly through application of manure, contaminated irrigation water may be a more important pathway. The foremost cause of surface water contamination seems to be rainfall runoff, whereas groundwater contamination is rather uncommon, mainly happening in areas with specific soil conditions. Composting and adherence to pre-harvest intervals are very effective mitigation strategies that can greatly reduce contamination risks. Overall, this review identifies research gaps on water contamination pathways and the persistence of resistant strains. Moreover, it sets up the basis for the development of robust risk assessments and evidence-informed approaches to address the contamination risks that are linked to animal manure.
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spelling doaj-art-5c12842973e348e289db2ec0390f4f062025-08-20T02:03:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-06-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15686211568621Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agricultureNunzio Sarnino0Subhasish Basak1Lucie Collineau2Roswitha Merle3Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research Berlin, Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, GermanyUniversity of Lyon–French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Epidemiology and Surveillance Support Unit, Lyon, FranceUniversity of Lyon–French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Epidemiology and Surveillance Support Unit, Lyon, FranceVeterinary Centre for Resistance Research Berlin, Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, GermanyAnimal manure is applied in agriculture to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Nonetheless, manure can also carry Escherichia coli (E. coli), including antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, it may pose a risk for environmental contamination. This review includes 50 studies which were identified from the search terms related to the transmission of E. coli through manure. The review outlines the potential routes of E. coli transmission from manure to soil, water and crops and which factors most critically determine persistence and contamination. The persistence of E. coli in soil is highly variable, ranging from <30 days for composted manures to more than 200 days in cooler conditions. These differences depend on the type of manure used, the environmental conditions and the treatment employed. While crops can be contaminated directly through application of manure, contaminated irrigation water may be a more important pathway. The foremost cause of surface water contamination seems to be rainfall runoff, whereas groundwater contamination is rather uncommon, mainly happening in areas with specific soil conditions. Composting and adherence to pre-harvest intervals are very effective mitigation strategies that can greatly reduce contamination risks. Overall, this review identifies research gaps on water contamination pathways and the persistence of resistant strains. Moreover, it sets up the basis for the development of robust risk assessments and evidence-informed approaches to address the contamination risks that are linked to animal manure.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568621/fullEscherichia colienvironmental contaminationanimal manurecrops contaminationwater contaminationsoil contamination
spellingShingle Nunzio Sarnino
Subhasish Basak
Lucie Collineau
Roswitha Merle
Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
Frontiers in Public Health
Escherichia coli
environmental contamination
animal manure
crops contamination
water contamination
soil contamination
title Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
title_full Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
title_fullStr Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
title_full_unstemmed Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
title_short Pathways of Escherichia coli transfer from animal manure: risks and mitigation in agriculture
title_sort pathways of escherichia coli transfer from animal manure risks and mitigation in agriculture
topic Escherichia coli
environmental contamination
animal manure
crops contamination
water contamination
soil contamination
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568621/full
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AT subhasishbasak pathwaysofescherichiacolitransferfromanimalmanurerisksandmitigationinagriculture
AT luciecollineau pathwaysofescherichiacolitransferfromanimalmanurerisksandmitigationinagriculture
AT roswithamerle pathwaysofescherichiacolitransferfromanimalmanurerisksandmitigationinagriculture