High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their well‐ordered porous structures that facilitate ion storage and transport. However, conventional 2D and 3D COFs often require post‐processing, such as ball milling or...

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Main Authors: Shuai Liu, Puiki Leung, Yong Zuo, Meng Sun, Lei Wei, Frank C Walsh, Tianshou Zhao, Qiang Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Advanced Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202505311
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author Shuai Liu
Puiki Leung
Yong Zuo
Meng Sun
Lei Wei
Frank C Walsh
Tianshou Zhao
Qiang Liao
author_facet Shuai Liu
Puiki Leung
Yong Zuo
Meng Sun
Lei Wei
Frank C Walsh
Tianshou Zhao
Qiang Liao
author_sort Shuai Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their well‐ordered porous structures that facilitate ion storage and transport. However, conventional 2D and 3D COFs often require post‐processing, such as ball milling or carbon compositing, to enhance electrochemical performance. In this study, a 1D imine‐linked COF, N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (TP‐PDA), is synthesized via a one‐step Schiff base reaction, achieving a fully conjugated and porous structure that enables efficient sodium‐ion transport. TP‐PDA is insoluble in organic electrolytes, ensuring stable cycling performance. The material exhibits a high average discharge potential of 3.1 V and delivers a discharge capacity of 124 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 1800 cycles, with a capacity retention exceeding 90%. In a full‐cell configuration with a hard carbon anode, the battery maintains a stable capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1 without noticeable capacity degradation. Furthermore, the flexible pouch cell retains its electrochemical integrity under bending conditions, demonstrating its potential for flexible and wearable energy storage applications.
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issn 2198-3844
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spelling doaj-art-5c060d747e754dafbe5d2f518f0356b02025-08-23T14:13:28ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-08-011231n/an/a10.1002/advs.202505311High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic FrameworkShuai Liu0Puiki Leung1Yong Zuo2Meng Sun3Lei Wei4Frank C Walsh5Tianshou Zhao6Qiang Liao7Chongqing Univ, Key Lab Low Grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst MOE Chongqing 400030 ChinaChongqing Univ, Key Lab Low Grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst MOE Chongqing 400030 ChinaChongqing Univ, Key Lab Low Grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst MOE Chongqing 400030 ChinaChongqing Univ, Key Lab Low Grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst MOE Chongqing 400030 ChinaA National Innovation Center for Industry‐Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology School of Energy and Power Engineering Chongqing 400044 ChinaElectrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UKSouthern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Energy Engn Shenzhen 518055 ChinaChongqing Univ, Key Lab Low Grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst MOE Chongqing 400030 ChinaAbstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their well‐ordered porous structures that facilitate ion storage and transport. However, conventional 2D and 3D COFs often require post‐processing, such as ball milling or carbon compositing, to enhance electrochemical performance. In this study, a 1D imine‐linked COF, N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (TP‐PDA), is synthesized via a one‐step Schiff base reaction, achieving a fully conjugated and porous structure that enables efficient sodium‐ion transport. TP‐PDA is insoluble in organic electrolytes, ensuring stable cycling performance. The material exhibits a high average discharge potential of 3.1 V and delivers a discharge capacity of 124 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 1800 cycles, with a capacity retention exceeding 90%. In a full‐cell configuration with a hard carbon anode, the battery maintains a stable capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1 without noticeable capacity degradation. Furthermore, the flexible pouch cell retains its electrochemical integrity under bending conditions, demonstrating its potential for flexible and wearable energy storage applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202505311bipolar materialcovalent organic frameworksorganic cathode materialsodium ion battery
spellingShingle Shuai Liu
Puiki Leung
Yong Zuo
Meng Sun
Lei Wei
Frank C Walsh
Tianshou Zhao
Qiang Liao
High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
Advanced Science
bipolar material
covalent organic frameworks
organic cathode material
sodium ion battery
title High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
title_full High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
title_fullStr High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
title_full_unstemmed High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
title_short High Voltage Flexible Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials Based on 1D Covalent Organic Framework
title_sort high voltage flexible sodium ion battery cathode materials based on 1d covalent organic framework
topic bipolar material
covalent organic frameworks
organic cathode material
sodium ion battery
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202505311
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