Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae
Abstract Background Dermanyssus gallinae poses a significant global threat to poultry production by affecting animal health and welfare. Conventional acaricidal treatments are limited by the emergence of resistant mite populations and by the risk of chemical residues in eggs and meat. In this study,...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04923-5 |
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| author | Nicola Pugliese Antonio Camarda Mara Miglianti Marco Friuli Christian Demitri Ifra Siddique Marcos Antonio Bezerra Santos Wafa Rhimi Elena Circella Claudia Cafarchia Domenico Otranto |
| author_facet | Nicola Pugliese Antonio Camarda Mara Miglianti Marco Friuli Christian Demitri Ifra Siddique Marcos Antonio Bezerra Santos Wafa Rhimi Elena Circella Claudia Cafarchia Domenico Otranto |
| author_sort | Nicola Pugliese |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dermanyssus gallinae poses a significant global threat to poultry production by affecting animal health and welfare. Conventional acaricidal treatments are limited by the emergence of resistant mite populations and by the risk of chemical residues in eggs and meat. In this study, we evaluated an innovative control strategy based on a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)- hydrogel as a delivery matrix for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EO) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Mites were collected from naturally infested hen farms and divided by life stage. Bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to compare the effects of treatments applied both with and without pre-incubation of the HEC matrix, expressed as lethal times (LT₅₀ and LT₉₀). Results The EO treatment alone or in combination with B. bassiana and without pre-incubation achieved an LT₅₀ of 7.4 ± 0.2 days in adult mites, while the B. bassiana-only treatment exhibited a slightly prolonged LT₅₀ of 8.8 ± 0.2 days. Notably, pre-incubation markedly enhanced efficacy (p < 0.001); the combined treatment reduced the LT₅₀ to 4.9 ± 0.2 days and the LT₉₀ to 10.5 ± 0.3 days, underscoring the synergistic action of EO and B. bassiana. Similar patterns were observed in nymphs, which generally exhibited higher lethal times compared to adults, with strong statistical support. Conclusions The findings indicate that HEC-based hydrogel enriched with E. globulus EO and/or B. bassiana conidia is efficacious against D. gallinae. The significant reduction in LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ in adult mites highlights the potential of this approach for integrated pest management. This novel formulation, by harnessing the synergistic effects of E. globosus EO and B. bassiana within a stable hydrogel matrix, may provide a tool for controlling D. gallinae in the poultry industry, thus reducing the use of synthetic acaricides. Results need to be validated under field conditions to provide a sustainable strategy for controlling red mite infestations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c050f0a4d7e4c4389dabfb4161e69e7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c050f0a4d7e4c4389dabfb4161e69e72025-08-20T03:05:13ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-07-012111910.1186/s12917-025-04923-5Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinaeNicola Pugliese0Antonio Camarda1Mara Miglianti2Marco Friuli3Christian Demitri4Ifra Siddique5Marcos Antonio Bezerra Santos6Wafa Rhimi7Elena Circella8Claudia Cafarchia9Domenico Otranto10Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Engineering for Innovation Organization, University of SalentoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of SalentoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo MoroAbstract Background Dermanyssus gallinae poses a significant global threat to poultry production by affecting animal health and welfare. Conventional acaricidal treatments are limited by the emergence of resistant mite populations and by the risk of chemical residues in eggs and meat. In this study, we evaluated an innovative control strategy based on a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)- hydrogel as a delivery matrix for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EO) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Mites were collected from naturally infested hen farms and divided by life stage. Bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to compare the effects of treatments applied both with and without pre-incubation of the HEC matrix, expressed as lethal times (LT₅₀ and LT₉₀). Results The EO treatment alone or in combination with B. bassiana and without pre-incubation achieved an LT₅₀ of 7.4 ± 0.2 days in adult mites, while the B. bassiana-only treatment exhibited a slightly prolonged LT₅₀ of 8.8 ± 0.2 days. Notably, pre-incubation markedly enhanced efficacy (p < 0.001); the combined treatment reduced the LT₅₀ to 4.9 ± 0.2 days and the LT₉₀ to 10.5 ± 0.3 days, underscoring the synergistic action of EO and B. bassiana. Similar patterns were observed in nymphs, which generally exhibited higher lethal times compared to adults, with strong statistical support. Conclusions The findings indicate that HEC-based hydrogel enriched with E. globulus EO and/or B. bassiana conidia is efficacious against D. gallinae. The significant reduction in LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ in adult mites highlights the potential of this approach for integrated pest management. This novel formulation, by harnessing the synergistic effects of E. globosus EO and B. bassiana within a stable hydrogel matrix, may provide a tool for controlling D. gallinae in the poultry industry, thus reducing the use of synthetic acaricides. Results need to be validated under field conditions to provide a sustainable strategy for controlling red mite infestations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04923-5Dermanyssus gallinaeBeauveria BassianaEssential oilsEucalyptus globosusHydroxyethyl celluloseHydrogel |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Pugliese Antonio Camarda Mara Miglianti Marco Friuli Christian Demitri Ifra Siddique Marcos Antonio Bezerra Santos Wafa Rhimi Elena Circella Claudia Cafarchia Domenico Otranto Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae BMC Veterinary Research Dermanyssus gallinae Beauveria Bassiana Essential oils Eucalyptus globosus Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hydrogel |
| title | Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae |
| title_full | Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae |
| title_fullStr | Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae |
| title_short | Hydroxyethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Beauveria Bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae |
| title_sort | hydroxyethyl cellulose based hydrogel as a novel delivery system for eucalyptus globulus essential oil and beauveria bassiana conidia for the control of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae |
| topic | Dermanyssus gallinae Beauveria Bassiana Essential oils Eucalyptus globosus Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hydrogel |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04923-5 |
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