Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny
Abstract Background Teasel gourd is an important, indigenous, vegetatively propagated, high-value, underutilized cucurbit vegetable crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. Due to its wider adaptability, it is grown from plains to mid-hills. The crop is lacking in research, primarily related to the e...
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2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06400-5 |
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| author | Veerendra Kumar Verma Avinash Pandey Amit Kumar Heiplanmi Rymbai Mayanglambam Bilashini Devi Pankaj Baiswar Samarendra Hazarika Vinay Kumar Mishra |
| author_facet | Veerendra Kumar Verma Avinash Pandey Amit Kumar Heiplanmi Rymbai Mayanglambam Bilashini Devi Pankaj Baiswar Samarendra Hazarika Vinay Kumar Mishra |
| author_sort | Veerendra Kumar Verma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Teasel gourd is an important, indigenous, vegetatively propagated, high-value, underutilized cucurbit vegetable crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. Due to its wider adaptability, it is grown from plains to mid-hills. The crop is lacking in research, primarily related to the extent of genetic diversity in the region and crop improvement, which is further constrained by dioecism. To assess the genetic diversity in male and female populations of teasel gourd based on morphological traits and microsatellite makers and the response of AgNO3 to induce monocliny, seventy genotypes, including eight males, were collected from different regions of the Northeastern states of India. Results Under evaluation trials, wider variability was observed for leaf, flower, and fruit characteristics. Traits: ovary length ranged from 0.58 to 1.23 cm, fruit length 4.76 to 11.23 cm, fruit diameter 3.0 to 3.13 cm, fruit weight 22.8 to 129.3 g, and 100 seed weights 12.60 to 36.3 g, reducing sugar 2.99 to 7.39%, and vitamin-C content from 44.80 to 79.68 mg/100 g. The fruits and quality attributes have also shown high heritability (> 60%) and genetic advance (> 20%). Under molecular analysis, out of 43 microsatellite markers, 40 were polymorphic, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (Sed-09) to 0.68 (McSSR-5). A moderate genetic diversity was observed in the male and female genotypes based on gene diversity, PIC, and Nei’s genetic distance. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for fruit traits has shown a significantly higher contribution of the genotype, followed by the genotype × environment interaction. Based on multi-trait stability index analysis for fruit traits, genotypes MNTGC-2, MNTGC-1, MNTGC-4, MZTGC-1, and ASTGC-3 were the most stable. Foliar application of AgNO3 at 500 mg l− 1 was best for inducing hermaphroditism in female genotypes. The pollen germination can be enhanced to 82.3% over the control (23.1%) by the application of nutrient media comprised of sucrose (15%), boric acid (25 mg l− 1), and calcium nitrate (25 mg l− 1). Conclusions The available diverse genetic resources in teasel gourd can be effectively utilized by selecting stable superior genotypes, crop multiplication by selfing in superior induced hermaphrodite genotypes and exploiting heterosis by mating among diverse genotypes using silver nitrate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bfcdffb0a02450fb73bd12ba4dc9ec7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5bfcdffb0a02450fb73bd12ba4dc9ec72025-08-20T02:10:20ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-03-0125112410.1186/s12870-025-06400-5Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monoclinyVeerendra Kumar Verma0Avinash Pandey1Amit Kumar2Heiplanmi Rymbai3Mayanglambam Bilashini Devi4Pankaj Baiswar5Samarendra Hazarika6Vinay Kumar Mishra7ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionSchool of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill RegionAbstract Background Teasel gourd is an important, indigenous, vegetatively propagated, high-value, underutilized cucurbit vegetable crop grown in South and Southeast Asia. Due to its wider adaptability, it is grown from plains to mid-hills. The crop is lacking in research, primarily related to the extent of genetic diversity in the region and crop improvement, which is further constrained by dioecism. To assess the genetic diversity in male and female populations of teasel gourd based on morphological traits and microsatellite makers and the response of AgNO3 to induce monocliny, seventy genotypes, including eight males, were collected from different regions of the Northeastern states of India. Results Under evaluation trials, wider variability was observed for leaf, flower, and fruit characteristics. Traits: ovary length ranged from 0.58 to 1.23 cm, fruit length 4.76 to 11.23 cm, fruit diameter 3.0 to 3.13 cm, fruit weight 22.8 to 129.3 g, and 100 seed weights 12.60 to 36.3 g, reducing sugar 2.99 to 7.39%, and vitamin-C content from 44.80 to 79.68 mg/100 g. The fruits and quality attributes have also shown high heritability (> 60%) and genetic advance (> 20%). Under molecular analysis, out of 43 microsatellite markers, 40 were polymorphic, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (Sed-09) to 0.68 (McSSR-5). A moderate genetic diversity was observed in the male and female genotypes based on gene diversity, PIC, and Nei’s genetic distance. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance for fruit traits has shown a significantly higher contribution of the genotype, followed by the genotype × environment interaction. Based on multi-trait stability index analysis for fruit traits, genotypes MNTGC-2, MNTGC-1, MNTGC-4, MZTGC-1, and ASTGC-3 were the most stable. Foliar application of AgNO3 at 500 mg l− 1 was best for inducing hermaphroditism in female genotypes. The pollen germination can be enhanced to 82.3% over the control (23.1%) by the application of nutrient media comprised of sucrose (15%), boric acid (25 mg l− 1), and calcium nitrate (25 mg l− 1). Conclusions The available diverse genetic resources in teasel gourd can be effectively utilized by selecting stable superior genotypes, crop multiplication by selfing in superior induced hermaphrodite genotypes and exploiting heterosis by mating among diverse genotypes using silver nitrate.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06400-5Teasel gourdMomordica spp.Genetic diversityHermaphroditismGenetic stability |
| spellingShingle | Veerendra Kumar Verma Avinash Pandey Amit Kumar Heiplanmi Rymbai Mayanglambam Bilashini Devi Pankaj Baiswar Samarendra Hazarika Vinay Kumar Mishra Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny BMC Plant Biology Teasel gourd Momordica spp. Genetic diversity Hermaphroditism Genetic stability |
| title | Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| title_full | Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| title_fullStr | Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| title_short | Genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north-eastern India and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| title_sort | genetic diversity in male and female landraces of teasel gourd in north eastern india and strategies for crop improvement through induced monocliny |
| topic | Teasel gourd Momordica spp. Genetic diversity Hermaphroditism Genetic stability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06400-5 |
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