Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress

Abstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a vital forage crop with substantial economic and ecological significance in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, atrazine, a widely used herbicide, negatively impacts the growth and yield of alfalfa due to its residual presence in the enviro...

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Main Authors: Yingao Li, Chunyang Dong, Zeshan Zulfiqar, Haojie Wang, Jiading Lu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Jun Li, Yinghua Shi, Chengzhang Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Hao Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07129-x
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author Yingao Li
Chunyang Dong
Zeshan Zulfiqar
Haojie Wang
Jiading Lu
Xiaoxia Zhang
Jun Li
Yinghua Shi
Chengzhang Wang
Xiaoyan Zhu
Hao Sun
author_facet Yingao Li
Chunyang Dong
Zeshan Zulfiqar
Haojie Wang
Jiading Lu
Xiaoxia Zhang
Jun Li
Yinghua Shi
Chengzhang Wang
Xiaoyan Zhu
Hao Sun
author_sort Yingao Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a vital forage crop with substantial economic and ecological significance in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, atrazine, a widely used herbicide, negatively impacts the growth and yield of alfalfa due to its residual presence in the environment. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the differences in tolerance and uncover the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms between the tolerant variety JN5010 and the sensitive variety WL363 when subjected to atrazine stress, using RNA-seq on pooled samples. Results Based on the analysis of gene expression profiles, significant differences were observed between the tolerant variety JN5010 and the sensitive variety WL363 under atrazine stress: 2,297 upregulated and 3,167 downregulated in the shoot parts, and 3,232 upregulated and 4,907 downregulated in the roots of JN5010. In WL363, 2,937 genes were upregulated and 4,237 genes were downregulated in the shoot parts, while 5,316 genes were upregulated and 7,977 genes were downregulated in the roots. The DEGs in the shoot parts were mainly involved in biological regulation, metabolic processes, and cellular processes, including proline metabolic processes and S-adenosylmethionine cycle. The DEGs in the roots were predominantly associated with nitric oxide synthesis and metabolism, as well as processes related to cell wall biosynthesis and degradation. In the shoot parts of JN5010, six DEGs were mapped onto the proline metabolic pathway, including four upregulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis and two downregulated genes involved in proline catabolism. In the roots of WL363, eleven DEGs were mapped onto the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, including seven upregulated genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and four downregulated genes associated with lignin biosynthesis. These findings highlight the distinct genetic responses of the two alfalfa varieties to atrazine stress, with JN5010 exhibiting more consistent gene expression patterns compared to the sensitive variety WL363. Conclusions The tolerant variety JN5010 shows improved tolerance to atrazine stress by maintaining stable gene expression and precise regulation in various pathways, such as antioxidant processes, signaling, photosynthesis, and toxin removal. This differential gene expression helps JN5010 maintain stability in its functions under stress, demonstrating better adaptability. These findings enhance our understanding of how alfalfa tolerates atrazine stress and provide important insights for developing atrazine-tolerant varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-5bf077cc79ea4c06813de9ea0438c31f2025-08-20T03:04:31ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-08-0125112210.1186/s12870-025-07129-xComparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stressYingao Li0Chunyang Dong1Zeshan Zulfiqar2Haojie Wang3Jiading Lu4Xiaoxia Zhang5Jun Li6Yinghua Shi7Chengzhang Wang8Xiaoyan Zhu9Hao Sun10Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityLuoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesHenan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension StationLankao County Animal Husbandry Technology Extension CenterHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a vital forage crop with substantial economic and ecological significance in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, atrazine, a widely used herbicide, negatively impacts the growth and yield of alfalfa due to its residual presence in the environment. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the differences in tolerance and uncover the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms between the tolerant variety JN5010 and the sensitive variety WL363 when subjected to atrazine stress, using RNA-seq on pooled samples. Results Based on the analysis of gene expression profiles, significant differences were observed between the tolerant variety JN5010 and the sensitive variety WL363 under atrazine stress: 2,297 upregulated and 3,167 downregulated in the shoot parts, and 3,232 upregulated and 4,907 downregulated in the roots of JN5010. In WL363, 2,937 genes were upregulated and 4,237 genes were downregulated in the shoot parts, while 5,316 genes were upregulated and 7,977 genes were downregulated in the roots. The DEGs in the shoot parts were mainly involved in biological regulation, metabolic processes, and cellular processes, including proline metabolic processes and S-adenosylmethionine cycle. The DEGs in the roots were predominantly associated with nitric oxide synthesis and metabolism, as well as processes related to cell wall biosynthesis and degradation. In the shoot parts of JN5010, six DEGs were mapped onto the proline metabolic pathway, including four upregulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis and two downregulated genes involved in proline catabolism. In the roots of WL363, eleven DEGs were mapped onto the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, including seven upregulated genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and four downregulated genes associated with lignin biosynthesis. These findings highlight the distinct genetic responses of the two alfalfa varieties to atrazine stress, with JN5010 exhibiting more consistent gene expression patterns compared to the sensitive variety WL363. Conclusions The tolerant variety JN5010 shows improved tolerance to atrazine stress by maintaining stable gene expression and precise regulation in various pathways, such as antioxidant processes, signaling, photosynthesis, and toxin removal. This differential gene expression helps JN5010 maintain stability in its functions under stress, demonstrating better adaptability. These findings enhance our understanding of how alfalfa tolerates atrazine stress and provide important insights for developing atrazine-tolerant varieties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07129-xAlfalfaAtrazineAbiotic stressOxidative damageComparative transcriptomics
spellingShingle Yingao Li
Chunyang Dong
Zeshan Zulfiqar
Haojie Wang
Jiading Lu
Xiaoxia Zhang
Jun Li
Yinghua Shi
Chengzhang Wang
Xiaoyan Zhu
Hao Sun
Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
BMC Plant Biology
Alfalfa
Atrazine
Abiotic stress
Oxidative damage
Comparative transcriptomics
title Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
title_full Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
title_fullStr Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
title_full_unstemmed Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
title_short Comparative transcriptomics of atrazine-tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
title_sort comparative transcriptomics of atrazine tolerant and sensitive alfalfa varieties under atrazine stress
topic Alfalfa
Atrazine
Abiotic stress
Oxidative damage
Comparative transcriptomics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07129-x
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