Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction: Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing scarring and significant morbidity, and predisposing individuals to differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (dPeIN) and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC). Penile carcinogenesis follows two path...

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Main Authors: Georgios Kravvas, Boyu Xie, Michael Millar, Alex Freeman, Aiman Haider, Hussain M. Alnajjar, Asif Muneer, Aamir Ahmed, Christopher Barry Bunker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:JID Innovations
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667026725000281
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author Georgios Kravvas
Boyu Xie
Michael Millar
Alex Freeman
Aiman Haider
Hussain M. Alnajjar
Asif Muneer
Aamir Ahmed
Christopher Barry Bunker
author_facet Georgios Kravvas
Boyu Xie
Michael Millar
Alex Freeman
Aiman Haider
Hussain M. Alnajjar
Asif Muneer
Aamir Ahmed
Christopher Barry Bunker
author_sort Georgios Kravvas
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing scarring and significant morbidity, and predisposing individuals to differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (dPeIN) and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC). Penile carcinogenesis follows two pathways: HPV-related and non-HPV-related. While HPV drives undifferentiated PeIN and warty/basaloid PeSCC, MGLSc is implicated in non-HPV-related dPeIN and ''usual'' PeSCC. Wnt signalling, pivotal in carcinogenesis, remains underexplored in MGLSc and PeIN. Methods: Tissue arrays from 114 archival samples of MGLSc, dPeIN, and PeSCC were analyzed using multi-label fluorescence staining and confocal microscopy for Wnt4, cyclin D1, c-MYC, and MMP7 expression. Results: Wnt signalling proteins were upregulated in PeSCC: cyclin D1 (2.3-fold), Wnt4 (2-fold), c-MYC (2.5-fold), and MMP7 (1.8-fold). Wnt4 expression increased in MGLSc (p=0.02), while dPeIN showed minimal changes. Altered co-localization of Wnt4/MMP7 (p=0.04) was observed in MGLSc and significant co-localization alterations of several protein pairs were also identified in PeSCC. Conclusion: Wnt signalling plays a role in progression from MGLSc to PeSCC through protein dysregulation. Overexpression and altered interactions in PeSCC highlight its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target.
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spelling doaj-art-5beeb95196c14b6cb877950a6fa717a32025-08-20T02:36:49ZengElsevierJID Innovations2667-02672025-07-015410037210.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100372Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell CarcinomaGeorgios Kravvas0Boyu Xie1Michael Millar2Alex Freeman3Aiman Haider4Hussain M. Alnajjar5Asif Muneer6Aamir Ahmed7Christopher Barry Bunker8Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Correspondence: Georgios Kravvas, Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom.Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United KingdomThe Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United KingdomDepartment of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United KingdomDepartment of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United KingdomDepartment of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United KingdomCell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United KingdomIntroduction: Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing scarring and significant morbidity, and predisposing individuals to differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (dPeIN) and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC). Penile carcinogenesis follows two pathways: HPV-related and non-HPV-related. While HPV drives undifferentiated PeIN and warty/basaloid PeSCC, MGLSc is implicated in non-HPV-related dPeIN and ''usual'' PeSCC. Wnt signalling, pivotal in carcinogenesis, remains underexplored in MGLSc and PeIN. Methods: Tissue arrays from 114 archival samples of MGLSc, dPeIN, and PeSCC were analyzed using multi-label fluorescence staining and confocal microscopy for Wnt4, cyclin D1, c-MYC, and MMP7 expression. Results: Wnt signalling proteins were upregulated in PeSCC: cyclin D1 (2.3-fold), Wnt4 (2-fold), c-MYC (2.5-fold), and MMP7 (1.8-fold). Wnt4 expression increased in MGLSc (p=0.02), while dPeIN showed minimal changes. Altered co-localization of Wnt4/MMP7 (p=0.04) was observed in MGLSc and significant co-localization alterations of several protein pairs were also identified in PeSCC. Conclusion: Wnt signalling plays a role in progression from MGLSc to PeSCC through protein dysregulation. Overexpression and altered interactions in PeSCC highlight its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667026725000281Cancer biologySquamous cell carcinomaWnt signaling
spellingShingle Georgios Kravvas
Boyu Xie
Michael Millar
Alex Freeman
Aiman Haider
Hussain M. Alnajjar
Asif Muneer
Aamir Ahmed
Christopher Barry Bunker
Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
JID Innovations
Cancer biology
Squamous cell carcinoma
Wnt signaling
title Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_fullStr Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_short Wnt Signaling in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus, Differentiated Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
title_sort wnt signaling in male genital lichen sclerosus differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia and penile squamous cell carcinoma
topic Cancer biology
Squamous cell carcinoma
Wnt signaling
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667026725000281
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