Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China

Abstract Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by pregnant and breastfeeding women in China, yet predictors of its use intention remain understudied in mainland China. This study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to identify factors influencing TCM...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zanmei Li, Jiao Li, Yushan Lan, Liangkun Ma, Lei Xuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04952-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849725553884528640
author Zanmei Li
Jiao Li
Yushan Lan
Liangkun Ma
Lei Xuan
author_facet Zanmei Li
Jiao Li
Yushan Lan
Liangkun Ma
Lei Xuan
author_sort Zanmei Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by pregnant and breastfeeding women in China, yet predictors of its use intention remain understudied in mainland China. This study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to identify factors influencing TCM use intention in this population. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 264 pregnant and breastfeeding women from diverse regions in mainland China between July and October 2023. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included demographic information, TPB-based measures (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention), and past TCM use experiences. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test hypothesized relationships. Results The results showed that 37.5% of participants reported using TCM during pregnancy or lactation. The extended TPB model explained 84.5% of variance in intention, with subjective norms having the strongest impact (β = 0.435; p < 0.001), followed by attitudes (β = 0.304; p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control(β = 0.294; p < 0.001). Past experience with TCM also significantly influenced both attitudes and intentions. The model demonstrated excellent fit (χ²/df = 1.53; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.04). Conclusions This study demonstrates that TCM use during pregnancy and lactation is common in China, and that subjective norms, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and prior experience are key predictors of intention to use TCM. These findings underscore the importance of integrating cultural and social considerations into healthcare practices. Healthcare providers should be aware of the significant role of family in decision-making and incorporate culturally sensitive counseling into maternal care. Policymakers should strengthen regulatory oversight of TCM to ensure its safe and effective use during pregnancy.
format Article
id doaj-art-5be794b9fa034092ab2f88c38ca29f08
institution DOAJ
issn 2662-7671
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
spelling doaj-art-5be794b9fa034092ab2f88c38ca29f082025-08-20T03:10:27ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-06-012511910.1186/s12906-025-04952-5Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from ChinaZanmei Li0Jiao Li1Yushan Lan2Liangkun Ma3Lei Xuan4Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College HospitalDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College HospitalAbstract Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by pregnant and breastfeeding women in China, yet predictors of its use intention remain understudied in mainland China. This study applied an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to identify factors influencing TCM use intention in this population. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 264 pregnant and breastfeeding women from diverse regions in mainland China between July and October 2023. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included demographic information, TPB-based measures (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention), and past TCM use experiences. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test hypothesized relationships. Results The results showed that 37.5% of participants reported using TCM during pregnancy or lactation. The extended TPB model explained 84.5% of variance in intention, with subjective norms having the strongest impact (β = 0.435; p < 0.001), followed by attitudes (β = 0.304; p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control(β = 0.294; p < 0.001). Past experience with TCM also significantly influenced both attitudes and intentions. The model demonstrated excellent fit (χ²/df = 1.53; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.04). Conclusions This study demonstrates that TCM use during pregnancy and lactation is common in China, and that subjective norms, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and prior experience are key predictors of intention to use TCM. These findings underscore the importance of integrating cultural and social considerations into healthcare practices. Healthcare providers should be aware of the significant role of family in decision-making and incorporate culturally sensitive counseling into maternal care. Policymakers should strengthen regulatory oversight of TCM to ensure its safe and effective use during pregnancy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04952-5Traditional Chinese medicinePregnancyBreastfeedingIntentionsChinaTheory of planned behavior
spellingShingle Zanmei Li
Jiao Li
Yushan Lan
Liangkun Ma
Lei Xuan
Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Traditional Chinese medicine
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Intentions
China
Theory of planned behavior
title Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
title_full Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
title_fullStr Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
title_short Predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women’s intention to use traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study from China
title_sort predictors of pregnant and breastfeeding women s intention to use traditional chinese medicine a cross sectional study from china
topic Traditional Chinese medicine
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Intentions
China
Theory of planned behavior
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04952-5
work_keys_str_mv AT zanmeili predictorsofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomensintentiontousetraditionalchinesemedicineacrosssectionalstudyfromchina
AT jiaoli predictorsofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomensintentiontousetraditionalchinesemedicineacrosssectionalstudyfromchina
AT yushanlan predictorsofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomensintentiontousetraditionalchinesemedicineacrosssectionalstudyfromchina
AT liangkunma predictorsofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomensintentiontousetraditionalchinesemedicineacrosssectionalstudyfromchina
AT leixuan predictorsofpregnantandbreastfeedingwomensintentiontousetraditionalchinesemedicineacrosssectionalstudyfromchina