Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel

Metal-polymer hybrid joining technologies are attracting increasing attention as an effective structural lightweighting solution. However, the joining mechanisms of the hybrid joint remain incompletely elucidated, particularly chemical interactions, which are difficult to observe directly. This stud...

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Main Authors: Jiaxing Ren, Weiyan Chen, Shuohan Wang, Fuminobu Kimura, Jing Sang, Hidetoshi Hirahara, Yusuke Kajihara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017259
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author Jiaxing Ren
Weiyan Chen
Shuohan Wang
Fuminobu Kimura
Jing Sang
Hidetoshi Hirahara
Yusuke Kajihara
author_facet Jiaxing Ren
Weiyan Chen
Shuohan Wang
Fuminobu Kimura
Jing Sang
Hidetoshi Hirahara
Yusuke Kajihara
author_sort Jiaxing Ren
collection DOAJ
description Metal-polymer hybrid joining technologies are attracting increasing attention as an effective structural lightweighting solution. However, the joining mechanisms of the hybrid joint remain incompletely elucidated, particularly chemical interactions, which are difficult to observe directly. This study demonstrated that hot water treatment (HWT), as a metal surface modification technique of metal-polymer hybrid joining, can help enhance chemical interactions in the hybrid joining of galvanized high-strength steel (GHSS) and polymers at their joint interface. Surface characterization results revealed that HWT not only modified the surface morphology but also increased the polar surface free energy and surface hydroxyl group concentration. The results of atomic force microscopy–infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy showed characteristic redshifts and blueshifts in the vibrational peaks of the polymer functional groups (CO and N–H), indicating the formation of hydrogen bonds with the –OH groups on the GHSS surface. Our findings provide evidence for the contribution of hydrogen bonding in the formation of GHSS–polymer joints and a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms and phenomena occurring in GHSS during the HWT process.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2238-7854
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-5be6f1759bf64227a20b8a62879d5b5e2025-08-20T03:27:43ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01374217423110.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.068Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steelJiaxing Ren0Weiyan Chen1Shuohan Wang2Fuminobu Kimura3Jing Sang4Hidetoshi Hirahara5Yusuke Kajihara6Precision Engineering Department, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Corresponding author.Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, JapanInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, JapanPrecision Engineering Department, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, JapanPrecision Engineering Department, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, JapanMetal-polymer hybrid joining technologies are attracting increasing attention as an effective structural lightweighting solution. However, the joining mechanisms of the hybrid joint remain incompletely elucidated, particularly chemical interactions, which are difficult to observe directly. This study demonstrated that hot water treatment (HWT), as a metal surface modification technique of metal-polymer hybrid joining, can help enhance chemical interactions in the hybrid joining of galvanized high-strength steel (GHSS) and polymers at their joint interface. Surface characterization results revealed that HWT not only modified the surface morphology but also increased the polar surface free energy and surface hydroxyl group concentration. The results of atomic force microscopy–infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy showed characteristic redshifts and blueshifts in the vibrational peaks of the polymer functional groups (CO and N–H), indicating the formation of hydrogen bonds with the –OH groups on the GHSS surface. Our findings provide evidence for the contribution of hydrogen bonding in the formation of GHSS–polymer joints and a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms and phenomena occurring in GHSS during the HWT process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017259Metal–polymer hybrid joiningHot water treatmentHydrogen bondingJoining mechanismInjection molded direct joining
spellingShingle Jiaxing Ren
Weiyan Chen
Shuohan Wang
Fuminobu Kimura
Jing Sang
Hidetoshi Hirahara
Yusuke Kajihara
Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Metal–polymer hybrid joining
Hot water treatment
Hydrogen bonding
Joining mechanism
Injection molded direct joining
title Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
title_full Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
title_fullStr Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
title_full_unstemmed Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
title_short Chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water-treated galvanized steel
title_sort chemical interactions in the injection molded direct joining of polymers and hot water treated galvanized steel
topic Metal–polymer hybrid joining
Hot water treatment
Hydrogen bonding
Joining mechanism
Injection molded direct joining
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017259
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