Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis
Background. For many years in Russia, the problem of diagnosing natural focal infectious diseases transmitted by ticks, including rickettsiosis, has persisted. The main rickettsial tick-borne pathogen in the Far East, Altai Territory and Western Siberia is Rickettsia sibirica, which causes tick-born...
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Open Systems Publication
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Лечащий Врач |
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| Online Access: | https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1138 |
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| author | E. I. Krasnova A. N. Vyazhevich V. V. Provorova V. G. Kuznetsova N. I. Khokhlova Z. A. Khokhlova |
| author_facet | E. I. Krasnova A. N. Vyazhevich V. V. Provorova V. G. Kuznetsova N. I. Khokhlova Z. A. Khokhlova |
| author_sort | E. I. Krasnova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. For many years in Russia, the problem of diagnosing natural focal infectious diseases transmitted by ticks, including rickettsiosis, has persisted. The main rickettsial tick-borne pathogen in the Far East, Altai Territory and Western Siberia is Rickettsia sibirica, which causes tick-borne typhus, or tick-borne rickettsiosis. Diseases of Astrakhan spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia conorii subsp.caspiensis, are also detected in Russia and Kazakhstan. The emergence of new rickettsioses, for example, those caused by Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, is explained by the diversity and wide distribution of tick species that carry rickettsia, and the evolution of the pathogen.Results. The article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology of tick-borne typhus. It has been shown that tick-borne typhus is manifested by a characteristic symptom complex – fever, primary affect at the site of tick suction, regional lymphadenitis, maculopapular profuse polymorphic rash, with possible damage to various organs. In typical cases, the diagnosis of tick-borne typhus can be made clinically and epidemiologically. The course of the disease is often benign, but complications of tick-borne typhus can include serous meningitis, pneumonia, and myocarditis. Antibodies to the antigens of tick-borne rickettsiosis pathogens are formed in the blood no earlier than 7-15 days after the onset of the disease due to the low immunogenicity of rickettsia, therefore verification of the diagnosis using the serological methods of RSK and RNGA is significantly delayed. New diagnostic approaches for CST are based on the use of ELISA and PCR methods. The development of molecular diagnostic methods has facilitated the identification of new rickettsia species. Data are presented on cases of rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia raoulti in residents of Novosibirsk, diagnosed using the PCR method and registered for the first time in Russia.Conclusion. Early diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsioses is of great practical importance for timely and adequate antibacterial therapy. The development of new approaches to identify rickettsia through detection of genetic material with the further development of a method based on DNA amplification is promising for early diagnosis of rickettsial diseases, studying the pathogenesis and persistence of rickettsia, as well as ecological and epidemiological analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bdfd5804d724ec487e032ab59d98bb5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1560-5175 2687-1181 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Open Systems Publication |
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| series | Лечащий Врач |
| spelling | doaj-art-5bdfd5804d724ec487e032ab59d98bb52025-08-20T03:57:51ZrusOpen Systems PublicationЛечащий Врач1560-51752687-11812023-11-01010828710.51793/OS.2023.26.10.0131131Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosisE. I. Krasnova0A. N. Vyazhevich1V. V. Provorova2V. G. Kuznetsova3N. I. Khokhlova4Z. A. Khokhlova5Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationNovokuznetsk State Institute of Advanced Medical Training – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationBackground. For many years in Russia, the problem of diagnosing natural focal infectious diseases transmitted by ticks, including rickettsiosis, has persisted. The main rickettsial tick-borne pathogen in the Far East, Altai Territory and Western Siberia is Rickettsia sibirica, which causes tick-borne typhus, or tick-borne rickettsiosis. Diseases of Astrakhan spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia conorii subsp.caspiensis, are also detected in Russia and Kazakhstan. The emergence of new rickettsioses, for example, those caused by Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, is explained by the diversity and wide distribution of tick species that carry rickettsia, and the evolution of the pathogen.Results. The article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology of tick-borne typhus. It has been shown that tick-borne typhus is manifested by a characteristic symptom complex – fever, primary affect at the site of tick suction, regional lymphadenitis, maculopapular profuse polymorphic rash, with possible damage to various organs. In typical cases, the diagnosis of tick-borne typhus can be made clinically and epidemiologically. The course of the disease is often benign, but complications of tick-borne typhus can include serous meningitis, pneumonia, and myocarditis. Antibodies to the antigens of tick-borne rickettsiosis pathogens are formed in the blood no earlier than 7-15 days after the onset of the disease due to the low immunogenicity of rickettsia, therefore verification of the diagnosis using the serological methods of RSK and RNGA is significantly delayed. New diagnostic approaches for CST are based on the use of ELISA and PCR methods. The development of molecular diagnostic methods has facilitated the identification of new rickettsia species. Data are presented on cases of rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia raoulti in residents of Novosibirsk, diagnosed using the PCR method and registered for the first time in Russia.Conclusion. Early diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsioses is of great practical importance for timely and adequate antibacterial therapy. The development of new approaches to identify rickettsia through detection of genetic material with the further development of a method based on DNA amplification is promising for early diagnosis of rickettsial diseases, studying the pathogenesis and persistence of rickettsia, as well as ecological and epidemiological analysis.https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1138natural focal diseasestick-borne infectionstick-borne rickettsiosestick-borne spotty feverstick-borne sapropyra |
| spellingShingle | E. I. Krasnova A. N. Vyazhevich V. V. Provorova V. G. Kuznetsova N. I. Khokhlova Z. A. Khokhlova Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis Лечащий Врач natural focal diseases tick-borne infections tick-borne rickettsioses tick-borne spotty fevers tick-borne sapropyra |
| title | Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis |
| title_full | Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis |
| title_short | Tick-borne rickettsiosis in Russia: current issues in the diagnosis |
| title_sort | tick borne rickettsiosis in russia current issues in the diagnosis |
| topic | natural focal diseases tick-borne infections tick-borne rickettsioses tick-borne spotty fevers tick-borne sapropyra |
| url | https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1138 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eikrasnova tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis AT anvyazhevich tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis AT vvprovorova tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis AT vgkuznetsova tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis AT nikhokhlova tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis AT zakhokhlova tickbornerickettsiosisinrussiacurrentissuesinthediagnosis |