Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases
During emergency evacuations, pedestrians may use three-dimensional (3D) motions, such as low crawling and climbing up/down, to navigate above or below indoor objects (e.g., tables, chairs, and stair flights). Understanding how these motions influence evacuation processes can facilitate the developm...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/197 |
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| author | Ruihang Xie Sisi Zlatanova Jinwoo (Brian) Lee André Borrmann |
| author_facet | Ruihang Xie Sisi Zlatanova Jinwoo (Brian) Lee André Borrmann |
| author_sort | Ruihang Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During emergency evacuations, pedestrians may use three-dimensional (3D) motions, such as low crawling and climbing up/down, to navigate above or below indoor objects (e.g., tables, chairs, and stair flights). Understanding how these motions influence evacuation processes can facilitate the development of behavioural instructions. This study examines the influence of 3D motions through a simulation-based method. This method combines a voxel-based 3D indoor model with an agent-based model. Three use case studies are elaborated upon, considering varying building types, agent numbers, urgency levels, and demographic differences. These case studies serve as exploratory demonstrations rather than validated simulations grounded in real-world evacuation experiments. Our findings are as follows: (1) Three-dimensional motions may create alternative and local 3D paths, enabling agents to bypass congestion, particularly in narrow corridors and confined spaces. (2) While 3D motions may help alleviate local congestion, they may intensify bottlenecks near exits, especially in highly crowded and high-urgency scenarios. (3) As urgency and agent numbers increase, differences in evacuation efficiency between scenarios with and without 3D motions are likely to diminish. We suggest further investigation into evacuation behavioural instructions, including the following: (1) conditional use of 3D motions in different buildings and (2) instructions tailored to different demographic groups. These use cases illustrate new directions for evacuation managers to consider the incorporation of 3D motions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bdca7bef0704cfaae38763b14140d08 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-5bdca7bef0704cfaae38763b14140d082025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642025-05-0114519710.3390/ijgi14050197Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use CasesRuihang Xie0Sisi Zlatanova1Jinwoo (Brian) Lee2André Borrmann3Faculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, AustraliaFaculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, AustraliaFaculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, AustraliaChair of Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, GermanyDuring emergency evacuations, pedestrians may use three-dimensional (3D) motions, such as low crawling and climbing up/down, to navigate above or below indoor objects (e.g., tables, chairs, and stair flights). Understanding how these motions influence evacuation processes can facilitate the development of behavioural instructions. This study examines the influence of 3D motions through a simulation-based method. This method combines a voxel-based 3D indoor model with an agent-based model. Three use case studies are elaborated upon, considering varying building types, agent numbers, urgency levels, and demographic differences. These case studies serve as exploratory demonstrations rather than validated simulations grounded in real-world evacuation experiments. Our findings are as follows: (1) Three-dimensional motions may create alternative and local 3D paths, enabling agents to bypass congestion, particularly in narrow corridors and confined spaces. (2) While 3D motions may help alleviate local congestion, they may intensify bottlenecks near exits, especially in highly crowded and high-urgency scenarios. (3) As urgency and agent numbers increase, differences in evacuation efficiency between scenarios with and without 3D motions are likely to diminish. We suggest further investigation into evacuation behavioural instructions, including the following: (1) conditional use of 3D motions in different buildings and (2) instructions tailored to different demographic groups. These use cases illustrate new directions for evacuation managers to consider the incorporation of 3D motions.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/197evacuation simulationpedestrian movementdecision adaptation3D indoor environmentemergency management |
| spellingShingle | Ruihang Xie Sisi Zlatanova Jinwoo (Brian) Lee André Borrmann Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information evacuation simulation pedestrian movement decision adaptation 3D indoor environment emergency management |
| title | Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases |
| title_full | Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases |
| title_fullStr | Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases |
| title_short | Evacuation Behavioural Instructions with 3D Motions: Insights from Three Use Cases |
| title_sort | evacuation behavioural instructions with 3d motions insights from three use cases |
| topic | evacuation simulation pedestrian movement decision adaptation 3D indoor environment emergency management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/197 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruihangxie evacuationbehaviouralinstructionswith3dmotionsinsightsfromthreeusecases AT sisizlatanova evacuationbehaviouralinstructionswith3dmotionsinsightsfromthreeusecases AT jinwoobrianlee evacuationbehaviouralinstructionswith3dmotionsinsightsfromthreeusecases AT andreborrmann evacuationbehaviouralinstructionswith3dmotionsinsightsfromthreeusecases |