Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec

Objectives Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk fo...

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Main Authors: Nathalie Auger, Lin Xiao, Jill Torrie, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh, Zhong-Cheng Luo, Rong Huang, Justin Cheng, Jane Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-12-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e074518.full
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author Nathalie Auger
Lin Xiao
Jill Torrie
Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
Zhong-Cheng Luo
Rong Huang
Justin Cheng
Jane Zhu
author_facet Nathalie Auger
Lin Xiao
Jill Torrie
Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
Zhong-Cheng Luo
Rong Huang
Justin Cheng
Jane Zhu
author_sort Nathalie Auger
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk for diabetes in pregnancy. We assessed whether pre-gestational or gestational diabetes may increase infant hospitalisation (an infant morbidity indicator) incidence, and whether this may be related to more frequent infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations in Quebec.Design Population-based birth cohort study through administrative health data linkage.Setting and participants Singleton infants (≤1 year) born to mothers in Cree (n=5070), other First Nations (9910) and non-Indigenous (48 200) communities in rural Quebec.Results Both diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisation rates were much higher comparing Cree (23.7% and 29.0%) and other First Nations (12.4% and 34.1%) to non-Indigenous (5.9% and 15.5%) communities. Compared with non-diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes was associated with an increased risk of any infant hospitalisation to a greater extent in Cree and other First Nations (relative risk (RR) 1.56 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.91)) than non-Indigenous (RR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.39)) communities. Pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risks of infant hospitalisation due to diseases of multiple systems in all communities. There were no significant associations between gestational diabetes and risks of infant hospitalisation in all communities. The population attributable risk fraction of infant hospitalisations (overall) for pre-gestational diabetes was 6.2% in Cree, 1.6% in other First Nations and 0.3% in non-Indigenous communities.Conclusions The study is the first to demonstrate that pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of infant hospitalisation overall and due to diseases of multiple systems, but gestational diabetes does not. High prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes may partly account for the excess infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations communities in Quebec.
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spelling doaj-art-5bd1dfa5e53c48a58e3fe78a2000fd922025-08-20T03:11:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-12-01131210.1136/bmjopen-2023-074518Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in QuebecNathalie Auger0Lin Xiao1Jill Torrie2Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh3Zhong-Cheng Luo4Rong Huang5Justin Cheng6Jane Zhu7University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada2 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaPublic-Health Department, Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Quebec, CanadaFirst Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission, Wendake, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Population Health Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Luna School of Public Health, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaThe Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaObjectives Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk for diabetes in pregnancy. We assessed whether pre-gestational or gestational diabetes may increase infant hospitalisation (an infant morbidity indicator) incidence, and whether this may be related to more frequent infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations in Quebec.Design Population-based birth cohort study through administrative health data linkage.Setting and participants Singleton infants (≤1 year) born to mothers in Cree (n=5070), other First Nations (9910) and non-Indigenous (48 200) communities in rural Quebec.Results Both diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisation rates were much higher comparing Cree (23.7% and 29.0%) and other First Nations (12.4% and 34.1%) to non-Indigenous (5.9% and 15.5%) communities. Compared with non-diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes was associated with an increased risk of any infant hospitalisation to a greater extent in Cree and other First Nations (relative risk (RR) 1.56 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.91)) than non-Indigenous (RR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.39)) communities. Pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risks of infant hospitalisation due to diseases of multiple systems in all communities. There were no significant associations between gestational diabetes and risks of infant hospitalisation in all communities. The population attributable risk fraction of infant hospitalisations (overall) for pre-gestational diabetes was 6.2% in Cree, 1.6% in other First Nations and 0.3% in non-Indigenous communities.Conclusions The study is the first to demonstrate that pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of infant hospitalisation overall and due to diseases of multiple systems, but gestational diabetes does not. High prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes may partly account for the excess infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations communities in Quebec.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e074518.full
spellingShingle Nathalie Auger
Lin Xiao
Jill Torrie
Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
Zhong-Cheng Luo
Rong Huang
Justin Cheng
Jane Zhu
Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
BMJ Open
title Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
title_full Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
title_fullStr Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
title_full_unstemmed Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
title_short Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec
title_sort population based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in cree other first nations and non indigenous communities in quebec
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/e074518.full
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