Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations

IntroductionWomen face a substantially elevated risk of developing PTSD compared to men. With the emergence of automated digital biomarkers for assessing complex psychiatric disorders, it becomes imperative to take into account possible sex differences.ObjectivesOur objective was to explore sex-rela...

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Main Authors: Felix Menne, Louisa Schwed, Felix Dörr, Nicklas Linz, Johannes Tröger, Alexandra König
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509206/full
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author Felix Menne
Louisa Schwed
Felix Dörr
Nicklas Linz
Johannes Tröger
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
author_facet Felix Menne
Louisa Schwed
Felix Dörr
Nicklas Linz
Johannes Tröger
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
author_sort Felix Menne
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionWomen face a substantially elevated risk of developing PTSD compared to men. With the emergence of automated digital biomarkers for assessing complex psychiatric disorders, it becomes imperative to take into account possible sex differences.ObjectivesOur objective was to explore sex-related speech differences in individuals with PTSD.MethodsWe utilized data from the DAIC-WOZ dataset, consisting of dialogs between participants with PTSD (n = 31) and a virtual avatar. Throughout these dialogs, the avatar utilized diverse prompts to maintain a conversation. Features were extracted from the transcripts, and acoustic features were obtained from the recorded audio files. Group comparisons, correlations, and linear models were calculated to assess sex-related differences in these features between male and female individuals with PTSD.ResultsGroup comparisons yielded significant differences between male and female patients in acoustic features such as the F2 frequency Standard Deviation (higher in males) and Harmonics to Noise Ratio (lower in males). Correlations revealed that Loudness Standard Deviation was significantly associated with PCL-C scores in males, but not in females. Additionally, we found interaction effects for linguistic and temporal features such as verb phrase usage, adposition rate, mean utterance duration, and speech ratio, with males showing positive associations and females showing inverse associations.ConclusionSex-related variations in the expression of PTSD severity through speech suggest contrasting effects in acoustic and linguistic features. These results underscore the importance of considering sex-specific expressions of behavioral symptoms in developing digital speech biomarkers for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in PTSD.
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spelling doaj-art-5bcc29bf3fd547798ec1830bc6564d952025-08-20T03:53:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-04-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15092061509206Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversationsFelix Menne0Louisa Schwed1Felix Dörr2Nicklas Linz3Johannes Tröger4Alexandra König5Alexandra König6Alexandra König7ki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germanyki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germanyki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germanyki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germanyki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germanyki:elements GmbH, Saarbrücken, GermanyCobtek (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, FranceCentre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, FranceIntroductionWomen face a substantially elevated risk of developing PTSD compared to men. With the emergence of automated digital biomarkers for assessing complex psychiatric disorders, it becomes imperative to take into account possible sex differences.ObjectivesOur objective was to explore sex-related speech differences in individuals with PTSD.MethodsWe utilized data from the DAIC-WOZ dataset, consisting of dialogs between participants with PTSD (n = 31) and a virtual avatar. Throughout these dialogs, the avatar utilized diverse prompts to maintain a conversation. Features were extracted from the transcripts, and acoustic features were obtained from the recorded audio files. Group comparisons, correlations, and linear models were calculated to assess sex-related differences in these features between male and female individuals with PTSD.ResultsGroup comparisons yielded significant differences between male and female patients in acoustic features such as the F2 frequency Standard Deviation (higher in males) and Harmonics to Noise Ratio (lower in males). Correlations revealed that Loudness Standard Deviation was significantly associated with PCL-C scores in males, but not in females. Additionally, we found interaction effects for linguistic and temporal features such as verb phrase usage, adposition rate, mean utterance duration, and speech ratio, with males showing positive associations and females showing inverse associations.ConclusionSex-related variations in the expression of PTSD severity through speech suggest contrasting effects in acoustic and linguistic features. These results underscore the importance of considering sex-specific expressions of behavioral symptoms in developing digital speech biomarkers for diagnostic and monitoring purposes in PTSD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509206/fullPTSDspeechspeech biomarkerssex differencesgender differencesautomated speech analysis
spellingShingle Felix Menne
Louisa Schwed
Felix Dörr
Nicklas Linz
Johannes Tröger
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
Alexandra König
Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
Frontiers in Psychology
PTSD
speech
speech biomarkers
sex differences
gender differences
automated speech analysis
title Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
title_full Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
title_fullStr Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
title_full_unstemmed Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
title_short Sex differences in PTSD speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent-induced conversations
title_sort sex differences in ptsd speech biomarkers assessed by virtual agent induced conversations
topic PTSD
speech
speech biomarkers
sex differences
gender differences
automated speech analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1509206/full
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