Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.

<h4>Background</h4>Four studies previously indicated that the effect of malaria infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birthweight (LBW; <2,500 g) may depend upon maternal nutritional status. We investigated this dependence further using a large, diverse study population.<h4...

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Main Authors: Jordan E Cates, Holger W Unger, Valerie Briand, Nadine Fievet, Innocent Valea, Halidou Tinto, Umberto D'Alessandro, Sarah H Landis, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Kathryn G Dewey, Feiko O Ter Kuile, Meghna Desai, Stephanie Dellicour, Peter Ouma, Julie Gutman, Martina Oneko, Laurence Slutsker, Dianne J Terlouw, Simon Kariuki, John Ayisi, Mwayiwawo Madanitsa, Victor Mwapasa, Per Ashorn, Kenneth Maleta, Ivo Mueller, Danielle Stanisic, Christentze Schmiegelow, John P A Lusingu, Anna Maria van Eijk, Melissa Bauserman, Linda Adair, Stephen R Cole, Daniel Westreich, Steven Meshnick, Stephen Rogerson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-08-01
Series:PLoS Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002373
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author Jordan E Cates
Holger W Unger
Valerie Briand
Nadine Fievet
Innocent Valea
Halidou Tinto
Halidou Tinto
Umberto D'Alessandro
Sarah H Landis
Seth Adu-Afarwuah
Kathryn G Dewey
Feiko O Ter Kuile
Meghna Desai
Stephanie Dellicour
Peter Ouma
Julie Gutman
Martina Oneko
Laurence Slutsker
Dianne J Terlouw
Simon Kariuki
John Ayisi
Mwayiwawo Madanitsa
Victor Mwapasa
Per Ashorn
Kenneth Maleta
Ivo Mueller
Danielle Stanisic
Christentze Schmiegelow
John P A Lusingu
Anna Maria van Eijk
Melissa Bauserman
Linda Adair
Stephen R Cole
Daniel Westreich
Steven Meshnick
Stephen Rogerson
author_facet Jordan E Cates
Holger W Unger
Valerie Briand
Nadine Fievet
Innocent Valea
Halidou Tinto
Halidou Tinto
Umberto D'Alessandro
Sarah H Landis
Seth Adu-Afarwuah
Kathryn G Dewey
Feiko O Ter Kuile
Meghna Desai
Stephanie Dellicour
Peter Ouma
Julie Gutman
Martina Oneko
Laurence Slutsker
Dianne J Terlouw
Simon Kariuki
John Ayisi
Mwayiwawo Madanitsa
Victor Mwapasa
Per Ashorn
Kenneth Maleta
Ivo Mueller
Danielle Stanisic
Christentze Schmiegelow
John P A Lusingu
Anna Maria van Eijk
Melissa Bauserman
Linda Adair
Stephen R Cole
Daniel Westreich
Steven Meshnick
Stephen Rogerson
author_sort Jordan E Cates
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Four studies previously indicated that the effect of malaria infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birthweight (LBW; <2,500 g) may depend upon maternal nutritional status. We investigated this dependence further using a large, diverse study population.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We evaluated the interaction between maternal malaria infection and maternal anthropometric status on the risk of LBW using pooled data from 14,633 pregnancies from 13 studies (6 cohort studies and 7 randomized controlled trials) conducted in Africa and the Western Pacific from 1996-2015. Studies were identified by the Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative using a convenience sampling approach and were eligible for pooling given adequate ethical approval and availability of essential variables. Study-specific adjusted effect estimates were calculated using inverse probability of treatment-weighted linear and log-binomial regression models and pooled using a random-effects model. The adjusted risk of delivering a baby with LBW was 8.8% among women with malaria infection at antenatal enrollment compared to 7.7% among uninfected women (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.42]; N = 13,613), 10.5% among women with malaria infection at delivery compared to 7.9% among uninfected women (aRR 1.32 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.62]; N = 11,826), and 15.3% among women with low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC <23 cm) at enrollment compared to 9.5% among women with MUAC ≥ 23 cm (aRR 1.60 [95% CI: 1.36, 1.87]; N = 9,008). The risk of delivering a baby with LBW was 17.8% among women with both malaria infection and low MUAC at enrollment compared to 8.4% among uninfected women with MUAC ≥ 23 cm (joint aRR 2.13 [95% CI: 1.21, 3.73]; N = 8,152). There was no evidence of synergism (i.e., excess risk due to interaction) between malaria infection and MUAC on the multiplicative (p = 0.5) or additive scale (p = 0.9). Results were similar using body mass index (BMI) as an anthropometric indicator of nutritional status. Meta-regression results indicated that there may be multiplicative interaction between malaria infection at enrollment and low MUAC within studies conducted in Africa; however, this finding was not consistent on the additive scale, when accounting for multiple comparisons, or when using other definitions of malaria and malnutrition. The major limitations of the study included availability of only 2 cross-sectional measurements of malaria and the limited availability of ultrasound-based pregnancy dating to assess impacts on preterm birth and fetal growth in all studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pregnant women with malnutrition and malaria infection are at increased risk of LBW compared to women with only 1 risk factor or none, but malaria and malnutrition do not act synergistically.
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spelling doaj-art-5bca06bfd3934c95bca8ab3f42240d6b2025-08-20T03:25:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762017-08-01148e100237310.1371/journal.pmed.1002373Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.Jordan E CatesHolger W UngerValerie BriandNadine FievetInnocent ValeaHalidou TintoHalidou TintoUmberto D'AlessandroSarah H LandisSeth Adu-AfarwuahKathryn G DeweyFeiko O Ter KuileMeghna DesaiStephanie DellicourPeter OumaJulie GutmanMartina OnekoLaurence SlutskerDianne J TerlouwSimon KariukiJohn AyisiMwayiwawo MadanitsaVictor MwapasaPer AshornKenneth MaletaIvo MuellerDanielle StanisicChristentze SchmiegelowJohn P A LusinguAnna Maria van EijkMelissa BausermanLinda AdairStephen R ColeDaniel WestreichSteven MeshnickStephen Rogerson<h4>Background</h4>Four studies previously indicated that the effect of malaria infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birthweight (LBW; <2,500 g) may depend upon maternal nutritional status. We investigated this dependence further using a large, diverse study population.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We evaluated the interaction between maternal malaria infection and maternal anthropometric status on the risk of LBW using pooled data from 14,633 pregnancies from 13 studies (6 cohort studies and 7 randomized controlled trials) conducted in Africa and the Western Pacific from 1996-2015. Studies were identified by the Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative using a convenience sampling approach and were eligible for pooling given adequate ethical approval and availability of essential variables. Study-specific adjusted effect estimates were calculated using inverse probability of treatment-weighted linear and log-binomial regression models and pooled using a random-effects model. The adjusted risk of delivering a baby with LBW was 8.8% among women with malaria infection at antenatal enrollment compared to 7.7% among uninfected women (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.42]; N = 13,613), 10.5% among women with malaria infection at delivery compared to 7.9% among uninfected women (aRR 1.32 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.62]; N = 11,826), and 15.3% among women with low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC <23 cm) at enrollment compared to 9.5% among women with MUAC ≥ 23 cm (aRR 1.60 [95% CI: 1.36, 1.87]; N = 9,008). The risk of delivering a baby with LBW was 17.8% among women with both malaria infection and low MUAC at enrollment compared to 8.4% among uninfected women with MUAC ≥ 23 cm (joint aRR 2.13 [95% CI: 1.21, 3.73]; N = 8,152). There was no evidence of synergism (i.e., excess risk due to interaction) between malaria infection and MUAC on the multiplicative (p = 0.5) or additive scale (p = 0.9). Results were similar using body mass index (BMI) as an anthropometric indicator of nutritional status. Meta-regression results indicated that there may be multiplicative interaction between malaria infection at enrollment and low MUAC within studies conducted in Africa; however, this finding was not consistent on the additive scale, when accounting for multiple comparisons, or when using other definitions of malaria and malnutrition. The major limitations of the study included availability of only 2 cross-sectional measurements of malaria and the limited availability of ultrasound-based pregnancy dating to assess impacts on preterm birth and fetal growth in all studies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pregnant women with malnutrition and malaria infection are at increased risk of LBW compared to women with only 1 risk factor or none, but malaria and malnutrition do not act synergistically.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002373
spellingShingle Jordan E Cates
Holger W Unger
Valerie Briand
Nadine Fievet
Innocent Valea
Halidou Tinto
Halidou Tinto
Umberto D'Alessandro
Sarah H Landis
Seth Adu-Afarwuah
Kathryn G Dewey
Feiko O Ter Kuile
Meghna Desai
Stephanie Dellicour
Peter Ouma
Julie Gutman
Martina Oneko
Laurence Slutsker
Dianne J Terlouw
Simon Kariuki
John Ayisi
Mwayiwawo Madanitsa
Victor Mwapasa
Per Ashorn
Kenneth Maleta
Ivo Mueller
Danielle Stanisic
Christentze Schmiegelow
John P A Lusingu
Anna Maria van Eijk
Melissa Bauserman
Linda Adair
Stephen R Cole
Daniel Westreich
Steven Meshnick
Stephen Rogerson
Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
PLoS Medicine
title Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
title_full Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
title_fullStr Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
title_full_unstemmed Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
title_short Malaria, malnutrition, and birthweight: A meta-analysis using individual participant data.
title_sort malaria malnutrition and birthweight a meta analysis using individual participant data
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002373
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