Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells
Summary: Injury causes differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative and repair tissue via paligenosis. Gastric chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like spasmolytic-polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is the down...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Cell Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725008411 |
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| author | Jeffrey W. Brown Xiaobo Lin Gabriel Anthony Nicolazzi Xuemei Liu Thanh Nguyen Megan D. Radyk Joseph Burclaff Jason C. Mills |
| author_facet | Jeffrey W. Brown Xiaobo Lin Gabriel Anthony Nicolazzi Xuemei Liu Thanh Nguyen Megan D. Radyk Joseph Burclaff Jason C. Mills |
| author_sort | Jeffrey W. Brown |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Injury causes differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative and repair tissue via paligenosis. Gastric chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like spasmolytic-polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is the downscaling of mature cell architecture via a process involving lysosomes. Here, we notice that sulfated glycoproteins are not only digested during paligenosis but also excreted into the gland. Various genetic and pharmacological approaches show that endoplasmic reticulum membranes and secretory granule cargo are also excreted and that the process proceeds in parallel with but is mechanistically independent of autophagy. Three-dimensional light and electron microscopy demonstrated that excretion occurs via unique, complex, multi-chambered invaginations of the apical plasma membrane. As this lysosome-independent cell cleansing process does not seem to have been priorly described, we termed it “cathartocytosis.” Cathartocytosis allows a cell to rapidly eject excess material without waiting for autophagic and lysosomal digestion, providing for efficient cellular downscaling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bc75d9afe5e46c1a4c0731944305dfc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2211-1247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5bc75d9afe5e46c1a4c0731944305dfc2025-08-20T03:09:34ZengElsevierCell Reports2211-12472025-08-0144811607010.1016/j.celrep.2025.116070Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cellsJeffrey W. Brown0Xiaobo Lin1Gabriel Anthony Nicolazzi2Xuemei Liu3Thanh Nguyen4Megan D. Radyk5Joseph Burclaff6Jason C. Mills7Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Corresponding authorDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USASection of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USASection of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Corresponding authorSummary: Injury causes differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative and repair tissue via paligenosis. Gastric chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like spasmolytic-polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is the downscaling of mature cell architecture via a process involving lysosomes. Here, we notice that sulfated glycoproteins are not only digested during paligenosis but also excreted into the gland. Various genetic and pharmacological approaches show that endoplasmic reticulum membranes and secretory granule cargo are also excreted and that the process proceeds in parallel with but is mechanistically independent of autophagy. Three-dimensional light and electron microscopy demonstrated that excretion occurs via unique, complex, multi-chambered invaginations of the apical plasma membrane. As this lysosome-independent cell cleansing process does not seem to have been priorly described, we termed it “cathartocytosis.” Cathartocytosis allows a cell to rapidly eject excess material without waiting for autophagic and lysosomal digestion, providing for efficient cellular downscaling.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725008411CP: Cell biology |
| spellingShingle | Jeffrey W. Brown Xiaobo Lin Gabriel Anthony Nicolazzi Xuemei Liu Thanh Nguyen Megan D. Radyk Joseph Burclaff Jason C. Mills Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells Cell Reports CP: Cell biology |
| title | Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| title_full | Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| title_fullStr | Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| title_short | Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| title_sort | cathartocytosis jettisoning of cellular material during reprogramming of differentiated cells |
| topic | CP: Cell biology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725008411 |
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