Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication.
Within the first three weeks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, virus replication peaks in peripheral blood. Despite the critical, causal role of virus replication in determining transmissibility and kinetics of progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is limite...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006048&type=printable |
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| author | Adam J Ericsen Michael Lauck Mariel S Mohns Sarah R DiNapoli James P Mutschler Justin M Greene Jason T Weinfurter Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey Trent M Prall Samantha M Gieger Connor R Buechler Kristin A Crosno Eric J Peterson Matthew R Reynolds Roger W Wiseman Benjamin J Burwitz Jacob D Estes Jonah B Sacha Thomas C Friedrich Jason M Brenchley David H O'Connor |
| author_facet | Adam J Ericsen Michael Lauck Mariel S Mohns Sarah R DiNapoli James P Mutschler Justin M Greene Jason T Weinfurter Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey Trent M Prall Samantha M Gieger Connor R Buechler Kristin A Crosno Eric J Peterson Matthew R Reynolds Roger W Wiseman Benjamin J Burwitz Jacob D Estes Jonah B Sacha Thomas C Friedrich Jason M Brenchley David H O'Connor |
| author_sort | Adam J Ericsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Within the first three weeks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, virus replication peaks in peripheral blood. Despite the critical, causal role of virus replication in determining transmissibility and kinetics of progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is limited understanding of the conditions required to transform the small localized transmitted founder virus population into a large and heterogeneous systemic infection. Here we show that during the hyperacute "pre-peak" phase of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques, high levels of microbial DNA transiently translocate into peripheral blood. This, heretofore unappreciated, hyperacute-phase microbial translocation was accompanied by sustained reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibody titer, intestinal permeability, increased abundance of CD4+CCR5+ T cell targets of virus replication, and T cell activation. To test whether increasing gastrointestinal permeability to cause microbial translocation would amplify viremia, we treated two SIV-infected macaque 'elite controllers' with a short-course of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-stimulating a transient increase in microbial translocation and a prolonged recrudescent viremia. Altogether, our data implicates translocating microbes as amplifiers of immunodeficiency virus replication that effectively undermine the host's capacity to contain infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bb5366dcfb14baa9fa9ff8b612eae34 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-5bb5366dcfb14baa9fa9ff8b612eae342025-08-20T02:03:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742016-12-011212e100604810.1371/journal.ppat.1006048Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication.Adam J EricsenMichael LauckMariel S MohnsSarah R DiNapoliJames P MutschlerJustin M GreeneJason T WeinfurterGabrielle Lehrer-BreyTrent M PrallSamantha M GiegerConnor R BuechlerKristin A CrosnoEric J PetersonMatthew R ReynoldsRoger W WisemanBenjamin J BurwitzJacob D EstesJonah B SachaThomas C FriedrichJason M BrenchleyDavid H O'ConnorWithin the first three weeks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, virus replication peaks in peripheral blood. Despite the critical, causal role of virus replication in determining transmissibility and kinetics of progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is limited understanding of the conditions required to transform the small localized transmitted founder virus population into a large and heterogeneous systemic infection. Here we show that during the hyperacute "pre-peak" phase of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques, high levels of microbial DNA transiently translocate into peripheral blood. This, heretofore unappreciated, hyperacute-phase microbial translocation was accompanied by sustained reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibody titer, intestinal permeability, increased abundance of CD4+CCR5+ T cell targets of virus replication, and T cell activation. To test whether increasing gastrointestinal permeability to cause microbial translocation would amplify viremia, we treated two SIV-infected macaque 'elite controllers' with a short-course of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-stimulating a transient increase in microbial translocation and a prolonged recrudescent viremia. Altogether, our data implicates translocating microbes as amplifiers of immunodeficiency virus replication that effectively undermine the host's capacity to contain infection.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006048&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Adam J Ericsen Michael Lauck Mariel S Mohns Sarah R DiNapoli James P Mutschler Justin M Greene Jason T Weinfurter Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey Trent M Prall Samantha M Gieger Connor R Buechler Kristin A Crosno Eric J Peterson Matthew R Reynolds Roger W Wiseman Benjamin J Burwitz Jacob D Estes Jonah B Sacha Thomas C Friedrich Jason M Brenchley David H O'Connor Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. |
| title_full | Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. |
| title_short | Microbial Translocation and Inflammation Occur in Hyperacute Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Compromise Host Control of Virus Replication. |
| title_sort | microbial translocation and inflammation occur in hyperacute immunodeficiency virus infection and compromise host control of virus replication |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006048&type=printable |
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