Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere

To deepen our understanding of lichen adaptation and their potential to colonize extraterrestrial environments, we aimed to identify physiological/biochemical responses of selected lichen species in a metabolically active state to simulated Mars-like conditions in the dark including exposure to X-ra...

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Main Authors: Kaja Skubała, Karolina Chowaniec, Mirosław Kowaliński, Tomasz Mrozek, Jarosław Bąkała, Ewa Latkowska, Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pensoft Publishers 2025-03-01
Series:IMA Fungus
Online Access:https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/145477/download/pdf/
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author Kaja Skubała
Karolina Chowaniec
Mirosław Kowaliński
Tomasz Mrozek
Jarosław Bąkała
Ewa Latkowska
Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
author_facet Kaja Skubała
Karolina Chowaniec
Mirosław Kowaliński
Tomasz Mrozek
Jarosław Bąkała
Ewa Latkowska
Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
author_sort Kaja Skubała
collection DOAJ
description To deepen our understanding of lichen adaptation and their potential to colonize extraterrestrial environments, we aimed to identify physiological/biochemical responses of selected lichen species in a metabolically active state to simulated Mars-like conditions in the dark including exposure to X-rays. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the metabolism of the fungal partner in lichen symbiosis was active while being in a Mars-like environment. Diploschistes muscorum was able to activate defense mechanisms effectively. In contrast, increased oxidative stress and associated damage were not effectively balanced in C. aculeata, which does not support the melanin’s radioprotective function in this species. The heavy crystalline deposit on D. muscorum thallus might offer protection enhancing lichen resistance to extreme conditions. We concluded that metabolically active D. muscorum can withstand the X-ray dose expected on the Mars surface over one year of strong solar activity. Consequently, X-rays associated with solar flares and SEPs reaching Mars should not affect the potential habitability of lichens on this planet.
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id doaj-art-5bb4cfe87ac641ef926b43ef38da9ca0
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issn 2210-6359
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Pensoft Publishers
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series IMA Fungus
spelling doaj-art-5bb4cfe87ac641ef926b43ef38da9ca02025-08-20T03:03:44ZengPensoft PublishersIMA Fungus2210-63592025-03-011613110.3897/imafungus.16.145477145477Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphereKaja Skubała0Karolina Chowaniec1Mirosław Kowaliński2Tomasz Mrozek3Jarosław Bąkała4Ewa Latkowska5Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel6Jagiellonian UniversityJagiellonian UniversitySpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesJagiellonian UniversityJagiellonian UniversityTo deepen our understanding of lichen adaptation and their potential to colonize extraterrestrial environments, we aimed to identify physiological/biochemical responses of selected lichen species in a metabolically active state to simulated Mars-like conditions in the dark including exposure to X-rays. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the metabolism of the fungal partner in lichen symbiosis was active while being in a Mars-like environment. Diploschistes muscorum was able to activate defense mechanisms effectively. In contrast, increased oxidative stress and associated damage were not effectively balanced in C. aculeata, which does not support the melanin’s radioprotective function in this species. The heavy crystalline deposit on D. muscorum thallus might offer protection enhancing lichen resistance to extreme conditions. We concluded that metabolically active D. muscorum can withstand the X-ray dose expected on the Mars surface over one year of strong solar activity. Consequently, X-rays associated with solar flares and SEPs reaching Mars should not affect the potential habitability of lichens on this planet.https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/145477/download/pdf/
spellingShingle Kaja Skubała
Karolina Chowaniec
Mirosław Kowaliński
Tomasz Mrozek
Jarosław Bąkała
Ewa Latkowska
Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel
Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
IMA Fungus
title Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
title_full Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
title_fullStr Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
title_full_unstemmed Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
title_short Ionizing radiation resilience: how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated Mars atmosphere
title_sort ionizing radiation resilience how metabolically active lichens endure exposure to the simulated mars atmosphere
url https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/145477/download/pdf/
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