Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm

In GNSS, a double-difference carrier phase observation model is typically employed, and high-accuracy position coordinates can be obtained by resolving the integer ambiguity within the model through algorithmic processing. To address the challenge of a double-difference integer ambiguity resolution,...

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Main Authors: Wuzheng Guo, Yuanfa Ji, Xiyan Sun, Xizi Jia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1212
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author Wuzheng Guo
Yuanfa Ji
Xiyan Sun
Xizi Jia
author_facet Wuzheng Guo
Yuanfa Ji
Xiyan Sun
Xizi Jia
author_sort Wuzheng Guo
collection DOAJ
description In GNSS, a double-difference carrier phase observation model is typically employed, and high-accuracy position coordinates can be obtained by resolving the integer ambiguity within the model through algorithmic processing. To address the challenge of a double-difference integer ambiguity resolution, an enhanced Simulated Annealing Ant Lion Optimizer (SAALO) is proposed. This algorithm is designed to efficiently resolve integer ambiguities. First, the performance of the SAALO algorithm was evaluated by comparing its solving speed and success rate with those of the Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm (ALO), the LAMBDA algorithm and the MLAMBDA algorithm. The results demonstrate that the SAALO algorithm achieved a solution success rate that was 0.0496 s and 0.01 s faster than the LAMBDA and M-LAMBDA algorithms, respectively. Second, to further validate the high-dimensional ambiguity resolution capability of the SAALO algorithm, integer ambiguity resolution tests were conducted in both 6-dimensional and 12-dimensional scenarios. The results indicate that the SAALO algorithm achieves a success rate exceeding 98%, confirming its robust performance in high-dimensional problem-solving. Finally, the practical application of the SAALO algorithm was tested in short- and medium-baseline scenarios using a single-frequency GPS system. With a baseline length of 42.7 km, the SAALO algorithm exhibited a slightly faster average solution time compared to the LAMBDA algorithm, while its solution success rate was 5.2% higher. These findings underscore the effectiveness and reliability of the SAALO algorithm in real-world GNSS applications.
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spelling doaj-art-5bb32f79b3da45a69e3093492558ffa32025-08-20T03:12:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254121210.3390/s25041212Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion AlgorithmWuzheng Guo0Yuanfa Ji1Xiyan Sun2Xizi Jia3Information and Communicaiton School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaInformation and Communicaiton School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaInformation and Communicaiton School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaInformation and Communicaiton School, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaIn GNSS, a double-difference carrier phase observation model is typically employed, and high-accuracy position coordinates can be obtained by resolving the integer ambiguity within the model through algorithmic processing. To address the challenge of a double-difference integer ambiguity resolution, an enhanced Simulated Annealing Ant Lion Optimizer (SAALO) is proposed. This algorithm is designed to efficiently resolve integer ambiguities. First, the performance of the SAALO algorithm was evaluated by comparing its solving speed and success rate with those of the Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm (ALO), the LAMBDA algorithm and the MLAMBDA algorithm. The results demonstrate that the SAALO algorithm achieved a solution success rate that was 0.0496 s and 0.01 s faster than the LAMBDA and M-LAMBDA algorithms, respectively. Second, to further validate the high-dimensional ambiguity resolution capability of the SAALO algorithm, integer ambiguity resolution tests were conducted in both 6-dimensional and 12-dimensional scenarios. The results indicate that the SAALO algorithm achieves a success rate exceeding 98%, confirming its robust performance in high-dimensional problem-solving. Finally, the practical application of the SAALO algorithm was tested in short- and medium-baseline scenarios using a single-frequency GPS system. With a baseline length of 42.7 km, the SAALO algorithm exhibited a slightly faster average solution time compared to the LAMBDA algorithm, while its solution success rate was 5.2% higher. These findings underscore the effectiveness and reliability of the SAALO algorithm in real-world GNSS applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1212global navigation and positioning systemdouble-difference carrier phaseinteger ambiguityhigher-dimensional ambiguity resolutioncentimeter-level accuracy positioning
spellingShingle Wuzheng Guo
Yuanfa Ji
Xiyan Sun
Xizi Jia
Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
Sensors
global navigation and positioning system
double-difference carrier phase
integer ambiguity
higher-dimensional ambiguity resolution
centimeter-level accuracy positioning
title Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
title_full Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
title_fullStr Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
title_short Solving Integer Ambiguity Based on an Improved Ant Lion Algorithm
title_sort solving integer ambiguity based on an improved ant lion algorithm
topic global navigation and positioning system
double-difference carrier phase
integer ambiguity
higher-dimensional ambiguity resolution
centimeter-level accuracy positioning
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1212
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AT xizijia solvingintegerambiguitybasedonanimprovedantlionalgorithm