In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications

Abstract This study investigates the in-situ modification of cristobalite SiO₂ (SC) coatings on steel plates to enhance surface properties, with a focus on developing hierarchical structures for water-repellent applications. SC was synthesized from silica sand via co-precipitation and combined with...

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Main Authors: Linda Silvia, Yuniar Mughayyirah, Sudarsono, Nurul Huda Osman, Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli, Mochamad Zainuri, Darminto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Materials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-025-00347-y
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author Linda Silvia
Yuniar Mughayyirah
Sudarsono
Nurul Huda Osman
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
Mochamad Zainuri
Darminto
author_facet Linda Silvia
Yuniar Mughayyirah
Sudarsono
Nurul Huda Osman
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
Mochamad Zainuri
Darminto
author_sort Linda Silvia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the in-situ modification of cristobalite SiO₂ (SC) coatings on steel plates to enhance surface properties, with a focus on developing hierarchical structures for water-repellent applications. SC was synthesized from silica sand via co-precipitation and combined with methyltrimethoxysilane through in-situ modification using sol-gel methods. Samples were prepared with varying SC concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt%. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization confirmed the coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicated changes in particle size and morphology due to cristobalite SiO₂ addition. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis identified Si–O–Si asymmetric stretching bonds, and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) demonstrated the formation of hierarchical micro-submicron structures with enhanced surface roughness. The roughness factor of the sample coatings was determined through calculations based on the AFM topographical data. Hydrophobicity analysis using water contact angle (WCA) measurements showed improved performance with increasing cristobalite SiO₂ content, achieving a maximum WCA of 132.6 ± 4.1° for the sample coated on a steel plate substrate. The best performance was observed at 6 wt% cristobalite SiO₂, as it significantly increased the water contact angle and thereby enhanced the hydrophobicity of the composite. The coated steel plates exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties, offering promising potential for practical applications in water-repellent technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-5baaae18a779429ea7ebf0b607fe2b6b2025-08-20T03:46:24ZengSpringerDiscover Materials2730-77272025-07-015111410.1007/s43939-025-00347-yIn-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applicationsLinda Silvia0Yuniar Mughayyirah1Sudarsono2Nurul Huda Osman3Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli4Mochamad Zainuri5Darminto6Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberAbstract This study investigates the in-situ modification of cristobalite SiO₂ (SC) coatings on steel plates to enhance surface properties, with a focus on developing hierarchical structures for water-repellent applications. SC was synthesized from silica sand via co-precipitation and combined with methyltrimethoxysilane through in-situ modification using sol-gel methods. Samples were prepared with varying SC concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt%. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization confirmed the coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phases, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicated changes in particle size and morphology due to cristobalite SiO₂ addition. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis identified Si–O–Si asymmetric stretching bonds, and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) demonstrated the formation of hierarchical micro-submicron structures with enhanced surface roughness. The roughness factor of the sample coatings was determined through calculations based on the AFM topographical data. Hydrophobicity analysis using water contact angle (WCA) measurements showed improved performance with increasing cristobalite SiO₂ content, achieving a maximum WCA of 132.6 ± 4.1° for the sample coated on a steel plate substrate. The best performance was observed at 6 wt% cristobalite SiO₂, as it significantly increased the water contact angle and thereby enhanced the hydrophobicity of the composite. The coated steel plates exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties, offering promising potential for practical applications in water-repellent technologies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-025-00347-ySilicaCristobaliteHydrophobicHierarchicalIn-situCalculation
spellingShingle Linda Silvia
Yuniar Mughayyirah
Sudarsono
Nurul Huda Osman
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
Mochamad Zainuri
Darminto
In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
Discover Materials
Silica
Cristobalite
Hydrophobic
Hierarchical
In-situ
Calculation
title In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
title_full In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
title_fullStr In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
title_full_unstemmed In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
title_short In-situ modification of SiO2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
title_sort in situ modification of sio2 coatings on steel plates for water repellent applications
topic Silica
Cristobalite
Hydrophobic
Hierarchical
In-situ
Calculation
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-025-00347-y
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