Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a reduced platelet count, resulting in bleeding risks and compromised quality of life. Advances in understanding ITP pathogenesis have revealed critical roles for spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)...

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Main Authors: Amirhossein Heidari, Amirhossein Shahbazi Mazid, Mohammad Behroozfar, Negar Ghotbi, Fatemeh Fathabadi, Sara Eghbali, Nazila Heidari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/5578929
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author Amirhossein Heidari
Amirhossein Shahbazi Mazid
Mohammad Behroozfar
Negar Ghotbi
Fatemeh Fathabadi
Sara Eghbali
Nazila Heidari
author_facet Amirhossein Heidari
Amirhossein Shahbazi Mazid
Mohammad Behroozfar
Negar Ghotbi
Fatemeh Fathabadi
Sara Eghbali
Nazila Heidari
author_sort Amirhossein Heidari
collection DOAJ
description Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a reduced platelet count, resulting in bleeding risks and compromised quality of life. Advances in understanding ITP pathogenesis have revealed critical roles for spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) in Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated immune pathways, which are central to autoantibody production and platelet destruction. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Syk and BTK inhibitors in the management of ITP. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to July 28, 2024. Clinical studies with available full-text in English were included. Fostamatinib, an FDA-approved Syk inhibitor, has shown efficacy in enhancing platelet counts and reducing bleeding events in refractory ITP patients. Among the newer Syk inhibitors, sovleplenib demonstrated rapid and sustained platelet increases in clinical trials, with an 80% response rate at the 300 mg dosage and a favorable safety profile. Additionally, BTK inhibitors, including rilzabrutinib and orelabrutinib, have shown potential in clinical trials, offering increased platelet stability and favorable safety profiles in ITP cases. Syk and BTK inhibitors hold potential as targeted therapies for refractory ITP, with evidence supporting their ability to improve clinical outcomes and enhance patient quality of life. Continued research is warranted to optimize these therapies and confirm their long-term efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations.
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spelling doaj-art-5ba82a031027484aabf060fcbbf5f7172025-08-20T03:49:18ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612025-01-01202510.1155/mi/5578929Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging EvidenceAmirhossein Heidari0Amirhossein Shahbazi Mazid1Mohammad Behroozfar2Negar Ghotbi3Fatemeh Fathabadi4Sara Eghbali5Nazila Heidari6Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical SciencesCardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteDepartment of ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical SciencesCardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteCardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteCardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a reduced platelet count, resulting in bleeding risks and compromised quality of life. Advances in understanding ITP pathogenesis have revealed critical roles for spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) in Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated immune pathways, which are central to autoantibody production and platelet destruction. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Syk and BTK inhibitors in the management of ITP. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to July 28, 2024. Clinical studies with available full-text in English were included. Fostamatinib, an FDA-approved Syk inhibitor, has shown efficacy in enhancing platelet counts and reducing bleeding events in refractory ITP patients. Among the newer Syk inhibitors, sovleplenib demonstrated rapid and sustained platelet increases in clinical trials, with an 80% response rate at the 300 mg dosage and a favorable safety profile. Additionally, BTK inhibitors, including rilzabrutinib and orelabrutinib, have shown potential in clinical trials, offering increased platelet stability and favorable safety profiles in ITP cases. Syk and BTK inhibitors hold potential as targeted therapies for refractory ITP, with evidence supporting their ability to improve clinical outcomes and enhance patient quality of life. Continued research is warranted to optimize these therapies and confirm their long-term efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/5578929
spellingShingle Amirhossein Heidari
Amirhossein Shahbazi Mazid
Mohammad Behroozfar
Negar Ghotbi
Fatemeh Fathabadi
Sara Eghbali
Nazila Heidari
Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
Mediators of Inflammation
title Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
title_full Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
title_fullStr Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
title_short Efficacy and Safety of Syk and BTK Inhibitors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Evidence
title_sort efficacy and safety of syk and btk inhibitors in immune thrombocytopenia a comprehensive review of emerging evidence
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/5578929
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