DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine

Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected and underestimated disease caused by metacestode stage of the tapeworm, Taenia solium (T. solium). Pigs are the intermediate hosts of T. solium while human are the only known definitive host. The disease has an economic consequence because the affected farmers lo...

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Main Authors: Maxwell W. Waema, Gerald Misinzo, John M. Kagira, Eric L. Agola, Helena A. Ngowi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:Journal of Parasitology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5706981
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author Maxwell W. Waema
Gerald Misinzo
John M. Kagira
Eric L. Agola
Helena A. Ngowi
author_facet Maxwell W. Waema
Gerald Misinzo
John M. Kagira
Eric L. Agola
Helena A. Ngowi
author_sort Maxwell W. Waema
collection DOAJ
description Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected and underestimated disease caused by metacestode stage of the tapeworm, Taenia solium (T. solium). Pigs are the intermediate hosts of T. solium while human are the only known definitive host. The disease has an economic consequence because the affected farmers lose 50−100 percent of the value of pigs if they are infected. Lack of affordable, easy to use, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic tools for detection of infections at the farm level hinders the control of porcine cysticercosis in endemic areas. A number of DNA based diagnostic assays for the detection of T. solium infections in pigs have been developed and evaluated but none is applicable at low-resource areas where this disease is an endemic. This review focuses mainly on DNA based diagnostic methods, their sensitivity, specificity, and utilization at low-resource areas. We summarized data from 65 studies on the current DNA-detection based diagnostic techniques for T. solium cysticercosis in porcine, published in English between the years 2000–2018, identified through PubMed search engine. Of the different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays developed for identification of T. solium, the most sensitive (97−100%) and specific (100%) one is nested PCR. One study utilized loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a diagnostic tool for the detection of T. solium infections though its field use was never determined. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been evaluated as a diagnostic tool for a variety of diseases, but has never been exploited for the diagnosis of cysticercosis/taeniasis. In conclusion, several molecular methods have been developed and evaluated in lab settings. However, there is need to validate these methods as a diagnostic tool to diagnose porcine cysticercosis in low-resource areas.
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spelling doaj-art-5ba2971c424f48629d0fc1025eddd5912025-08-20T02:05:13ZengWileyJournal of Parasitology Research2090-00232090-00312020-01-01202010.1155/2020/57069815706981DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in PorcineMaxwell W. Waema0Gerald Misinzo1John M. Kagira2Eric L. Agola3Helena A. Ngowi4Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3297, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, TanzaniaSouthern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3297, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, TanzaniaDepartment of Animal Health and Production, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaCentre of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 3297, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, TanzaniaPorcine cysticercosis is a neglected and underestimated disease caused by metacestode stage of the tapeworm, Taenia solium (T. solium). Pigs are the intermediate hosts of T. solium while human are the only known definitive host. The disease has an economic consequence because the affected farmers lose 50−100 percent of the value of pigs if they are infected. Lack of affordable, easy to use, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic tools for detection of infections at the farm level hinders the control of porcine cysticercosis in endemic areas. A number of DNA based diagnostic assays for the detection of T. solium infections in pigs have been developed and evaluated but none is applicable at low-resource areas where this disease is an endemic. This review focuses mainly on DNA based diagnostic methods, their sensitivity, specificity, and utilization at low-resource areas. We summarized data from 65 studies on the current DNA-detection based diagnostic techniques for T. solium cysticercosis in porcine, published in English between the years 2000–2018, identified through PubMed search engine. Of the different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays developed for identification of T. solium, the most sensitive (97−100%) and specific (100%) one is nested PCR. One study utilized loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a diagnostic tool for the detection of T. solium infections though its field use was never determined. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been evaluated as a diagnostic tool for a variety of diseases, but has never been exploited for the diagnosis of cysticercosis/taeniasis. In conclusion, several molecular methods have been developed and evaluated in lab settings. However, there is need to validate these methods as a diagnostic tool to diagnose porcine cysticercosis in low-resource areas.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5706981
spellingShingle Maxwell W. Waema
Gerald Misinzo
John M. Kagira
Eric L. Agola
Helena A. Ngowi
DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
Journal of Parasitology Research
title DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
title_full DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
title_fullStr DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
title_full_unstemmed DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
title_short DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine
title_sort dna detection based diagnostics for taenia solium cysticercosis in porcine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5706981
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