Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study

Abstract Background Insulin resistance and central obesity are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are markers that independently predict cardiometabolic risk. However, their combined long-term trajectories and im...

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Main Authors: Lingqu Zhou, Junjie Wang, Zirui Zhou, Liangjiao Wang, Qi Guo, Hui Zeng, Ziyue Zhong, Yinyin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Cardiovascular Diabetology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02761-1
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author Lingqu Zhou
Junjie Wang
Zirui Zhou
Liangjiao Wang
Qi Guo
Hui Zeng
Ziyue Zhong
Yinyin Zhang
author_facet Lingqu Zhou
Junjie Wang
Zirui Zhou
Liangjiao Wang
Qi Guo
Hui Zeng
Ziyue Zhong
Yinyin Zhang
author_sort Lingqu Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Insulin resistance and central obesity are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are markers that independently predict cardiometabolic risk. However, their combined long-term trajectories and impact on cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) development remain unclear. Methods This cohort study utilized data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, which tracked 3467 participants at baseline. Dual-trajectory of TyG and LAP were identified using a group-based dual-trajectory model. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the relationships between dual-trajectory groups and primary cardiometabolic outcomes, including first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), CMM (two or more conditions such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke), and all-cause mortality. Multi-state models were performed to assess the associations of dual-trajectory with CMM development. Results The study included 3467 participants with a mean age of 25.08 years (SD = 3.59). Of these, 43.4% (n = 1505) were male, and 53.2% (n = 1561) were White. Three distinct dual-trajectory groups were identified: low-increasing (61.5%), high-amplitude fluctuation (7.6%), and high-increasing (30.9%). After multivariate adjustment, compared with the low-increasing group, the high-amplitude fluctuation group exhibited significantly higher risks for FCMD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.77), CMM (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.21–5.71), and all-cause mortality (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.30–3.56), as well as elevated risks for transitions from baseline to FCMD (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17–1.63), FCMD to CMM (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.53–3.96), CMM to death (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.19–7.62). The high-increasing group showed similar results. Conclusions Elevated and fluctuating trajectories of TyG and LAP from early adulthood are associated with increased risks of CMM development in midlife. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-5ba18aae74554edaa0b57fef076096f02025-08-20T02:15:01ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402025-05-0124111410.1186/s12933-025-02761-1Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA studyLingqu Zhou0Junjie Wang1Zirui Zhou2Liangjiao Wang3Qi Guo4Hui Zeng5Ziyue Zhong6Yinyin Zhang7Department of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer CenterDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer CenterDepartment of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer CenterDepartment of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Background Insulin resistance and central obesity are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are markers that independently predict cardiometabolic risk. However, their combined long-term trajectories and impact on cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) development remain unclear. Methods This cohort study utilized data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, which tracked 3467 participants at baseline. Dual-trajectory of TyG and LAP were identified using a group-based dual-trajectory model. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the relationships between dual-trajectory groups and primary cardiometabolic outcomes, including first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), CMM (two or more conditions such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke), and all-cause mortality. Multi-state models were performed to assess the associations of dual-trajectory with CMM development. Results The study included 3467 participants with a mean age of 25.08 years (SD = 3.59). Of these, 43.4% (n = 1505) were male, and 53.2% (n = 1561) were White. Three distinct dual-trajectory groups were identified: low-increasing (61.5%), high-amplitude fluctuation (7.6%), and high-increasing (30.9%). After multivariate adjustment, compared with the low-increasing group, the high-amplitude fluctuation group exhibited significantly higher risks for FCMD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.77), CMM (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.21–5.71), and all-cause mortality (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.30–3.56), as well as elevated risks for transitions from baseline to FCMD (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17–1.63), FCMD to CMM (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.53–3.96), CMM to death (HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.19–7.62). The high-increasing group showed similar results. Conclusions Elevated and fluctuating trajectories of TyG and LAP from early adulthood are associated with increased risks of CMM development in midlife. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02761-1Triglyceride–glucose indexLipid accumulation productDual-trajectoryCardiometabolic multimorbidityCohort study
spellingShingle Lingqu Zhou
Junjie Wang
Zirui Zhou
Liangjiao Wang
Qi Guo
Hui Zeng
Ziyue Zhong
Yinyin Zhang
Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
Cardiovascular Diabetology
Triglyceride–glucose index
Lipid accumulation product
Dual-trajectory
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity
Cohort study
title Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
title_full Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
title_fullStr Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
title_full_unstemmed Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
title_short Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study
title_sort long term dual trajectories of tyg and lap and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife the cardia study
topic Triglyceride–glucose index
Lipid accumulation product
Dual-trajectory
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity
Cohort study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02761-1
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