Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland

This study analyzes 209 dog skeletons from two sites in Wolin (9th–mid-13th century AD) using 100 standard metric variables covering cranial, mandibular, and postcranial elements. Estimated withers height, body mass, age at death, and sex were derived using established methods. The results indicate...

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Main Author: Piotr Baranowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2171
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author Piotr Baranowski
author_facet Piotr Baranowski
author_sort Piotr Baranowski
collection DOAJ
description This study analyzes 209 dog skeletons from two sites in Wolin (9th–mid-13th century AD) using 100 standard metric variables covering cranial, mandibular, and postcranial elements. Estimated withers height, body mass, age at death, and sex were derived using established methods. The results indicate the presence of at least two to three morphotypes: small spitz-like dogs (40–50 cm, 4–6 kg), medium brachycephalic forms (50–60 cm, 10–15 kg), and larger mesocephalic individuals (up to 65 cm, 20–40 kg). Dogs lived 3–10 years, with both sexes represented. Signs of cranial trauma and dental wear suggest utilitarian roles such as guarding. The size range and morphological diversity point to intentional breeding and trade-based importation. Small dogs likely served as companions or city guards, while medium and large types were used for herding, hunting, or transport. These findings highlight Wolin’s role as a dynamic cultural and trade center, where human–dog relationships were shaped by anthropogenic selection and regional exchange.
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spelling doaj-art-5b9f0fe6a61c4f4caad57b03b2ba0ff22025-08-20T03:35:57ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011515217110.3390/ani15152171Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, PolandPiotr Baranowski0Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Biotechnology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 33, 71-270 Szczecin, PolandThis study analyzes 209 dog skeletons from two sites in Wolin (9th–mid-13th century AD) using 100 standard metric variables covering cranial, mandibular, and postcranial elements. Estimated withers height, body mass, age at death, and sex were derived using established methods. The results indicate the presence of at least two to three morphotypes: small spitz-like dogs (40–50 cm, 4–6 kg), medium brachycephalic forms (50–60 cm, 10–15 kg), and larger mesocephalic individuals (up to 65 cm, 20–40 kg). Dogs lived 3–10 years, with both sexes represented. Signs of cranial trauma and dental wear suggest utilitarian roles such as guarding. The size range and morphological diversity point to intentional breeding and trade-based importation. Small dogs likely served as companions or city guards, while medium and large types were used for herding, hunting, or transport. These findings highlight Wolin’s role as a dynamic cultural and trade center, where human–dog relationships were shaped by anthropogenic selection and regional exchange.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2171archeozoologybody mass estimationdogmedievalosteometryPoland
spellingShingle Piotr Baranowski
Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
Animals
archeozoology
body mass estimation
dog
medieval
osteometry
Poland
title Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
title_full Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
title_fullStr Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
title_full_unstemmed Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
title_short Morphological and Metric Analysis of Medieval Dog Remains from Wolin, Poland
title_sort morphological and metric analysis of medieval dog remains from wolin poland
topic archeozoology
body mass estimation
dog
medieval
osteometry
Poland
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2171
work_keys_str_mv AT piotrbaranowski morphologicalandmetricanalysisofmedievaldogremainsfromwolinpoland