Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament

Background: Canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a common orthopedic condition leading to stifle joint dysfunction, discomfort, and reduced mobility. Diagnosis typically involves radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we conducted a r...

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Main Authors: Tudor Căsălean, Cristian Zaha, Larisa Schuszler, Roxana Dascălu, Bogdan Sicoe, Răzvan Cojocaru, Andrei Călugărița, Ciprian Rujescu, Janos Degi, Romeo Teodor Cristina
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2317
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author Tudor Căsălean
Cristian Zaha
Larisa Schuszler
Roxana Dascălu
Bogdan Sicoe
Răzvan Cojocaru
Andrei Călugărița
Ciprian Rujescu
Janos Degi
Romeo Teodor Cristina
author_facet Tudor Căsălean
Cristian Zaha
Larisa Schuszler
Roxana Dascălu
Bogdan Sicoe
Răzvan Cojocaru
Andrei Călugărița
Ciprian Rujescu
Janos Degi
Romeo Teodor Cristina
author_sort Tudor Căsălean
collection DOAJ
description Background: Canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a common orthopedic condition leading to stifle joint dysfunction, discomfort, and reduced mobility. Diagnosis typically involves radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the use of infrared thermography in assessing local temperature and thermal patterns in dogs with acute-onset lameness due to CCL rupture compared to those with intact ligaments. Methods: The study involved 12 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and nine dogs with intact ligaments. The stifle area of all dogs was clipped and scanned using a FLIR E50 thermographic camera. Two regions of interest (ROI), designated El1 and Bx1, were analyzed with FLIR Tools software 5.X by comparing the average of the maximum and of the mean temperature values between the two groups. Results: Thermal imaging revealed differences between the two groups of dogs, which were further supported by significantly higher temperatures in the El1 (lateral aspect of the stifle joint) and Bx1 (cranial aspect of the stifle joint) areas in the study group compared to the control group using a comparative analysis—two-sample <i>t</i>-test. In the El1 area, the study group showed a temperature increase of 1.8 °C compared to the control group, while in the Bx1 area, the difference was 1.76 °C. Conclusions: Infrared thermography shows potential to differentiate dogs with acute-onset lameness due to CCL rupture from dogs with intact ligaments, but further studies are needed to assess its accuracy in distinguishing it from other stifle pathologies.
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spelling doaj-art-5b9e88cdbac3487d9f6dfe64ac6d2b742025-08-20T04:00:54ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-08-011515231710.3390/ani15152317Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate LigamentTudor Căsălean0Cristian Zaha1Larisa Schuszler2Roxana Dascălu3Bogdan Sicoe4Răzvan Cojocaru5Andrei Călugărița6Ciprian Rujescu7Janos Degi8Romeo Teodor Cristina9Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaManagement and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, University of Life Science “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Life Science “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaBackground: Canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a common orthopedic condition leading to stifle joint dysfunction, discomfort, and reduced mobility. Diagnosis typically involves radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the use of infrared thermography in assessing local temperature and thermal patterns in dogs with acute-onset lameness due to CCL rupture compared to those with intact ligaments. Methods: The study involved 12 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and nine dogs with intact ligaments. The stifle area of all dogs was clipped and scanned using a FLIR E50 thermographic camera. Two regions of interest (ROI), designated El1 and Bx1, were analyzed with FLIR Tools software 5.X by comparing the average of the maximum and of the mean temperature values between the two groups. Results: Thermal imaging revealed differences between the two groups of dogs, which were further supported by significantly higher temperatures in the El1 (lateral aspect of the stifle joint) and Bx1 (cranial aspect of the stifle joint) areas in the study group compared to the control group using a comparative analysis—two-sample <i>t</i>-test. In the El1 area, the study group showed a temperature increase of 1.8 °C compared to the control group, while in the Bx1 area, the difference was 1.76 °C. Conclusions: Infrared thermography shows potential to differentiate dogs with acute-onset lameness due to CCL rupture from dogs with intact ligaments, but further studies are needed to assess its accuracy in distinguishing it from other stifle pathologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2317thermal patterstifle instabilitylameness
spellingShingle Tudor Căsălean
Cristian Zaha
Larisa Schuszler
Roxana Dascălu
Bogdan Sicoe
Răzvan Cojocaru
Andrei Călugărița
Ciprian Rujescu
Janos Degi
Romeo Teodor Cristina
Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
Animals
thermal patter
stifle instability
lameness
title Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
title_full Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
title_fullStr Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
title_full_unstemmed Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
title_short Thermographic Evaluation of the Stifle Region in Dogs with a Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament
title_sort thermographic evaluation of the stifle region in dogs with a rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
topic thermal patter
stifle instability
lameness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2317
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