The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of cancer originating from the nasopharynx’s epithelia. It is an undifferentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma and known as one of the major cancer types in the region of the head and neck. Some substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (L...

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Main Authors: Mochammad Alfian Sulaksana, Abdul Qadar Punagi, Nova Audrey L Pieter, Didit Yudhanto, Ricky Setiady Yusuf, Hamsu Kadriyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00879-3
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author Mochammad Alfian Sulaksana
Abdul Qadar Punagi
Nova Audrey L Pieter
Didit Yudhanto
Ricky Setiady Yusuf
Hamsu Kadriyan
author_facet Mochammad Alfian Sulaksana
Abdul Qadar Punagi
Nova Audrey L Pieter
Didit Yudhanto
Ricky Setiady Yusuf
Hamsu Kadriyan
author_sort Mochammad Alfian Sulaksana
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of cancer originating from the nasopharynx’s epithelia. It is an undifferentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma and known as one of the major cancer types in the region of the head and neck. Some substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may contribute to the tumor’s progression and development. Nonetheless, the specific roles of LDH and VEGF in relation to NPC are not yet fully understood. Result LDH is an important substance involved in the glycolysis process, and it has been observed that patients with NPC have elevated levels of this enzyme. As it is higher, the prognosis became worse in patients with NPC. Similarly, VEGF which contributes to vascular generation also found to be higher in patients with NPC. VEGF is linked to tumor progression and development, and employing anti-VEGF agent may help to impede this progression. Conclusion The impacts of LDH and VEGF in NPC have been proven independently; however, the combined effect remains unclear. Therefore, the exploration of both biomarkers is crucial to the management of NPC in the future.
format Article
id doaj-art-5b85e99ddc0f4350b3aef4a46f6df0a0
institution Kabale University
issn 2090-8539
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
spelling doaj-art-5b85e99ddc0f4350b3aef4a46f6df0a02025-08-20T03:45:44ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology2090-85392025-08-014111910.1186/s43163-025-00879-3The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature reviewMochammad Alfian Sulaksana0Abdul Qadar Punagi1Nova Audrey L Pieter2Didit Yudhanto3Ricky Setiady Yusuf4Hamsu Kadriyan5Nusa Tenggara Barat General HospitalHasanuddin UniversityHasanuddin UniversityUniversity of MataramUniversity of MataramUniversity of MataramAbstract Background Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of cancer originating from the nasopharynx’s epithelia. It is an undifferentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma and known as one of the major cancer types in the region of the head and neck. Some substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), may contribute to the tumor’s progression and development. Nonetheless, the specific roles of LDH and VEGF in relation to NPC are not yet fully understood. Result LDH is an important substance involved in the glycolysis process, and it has been observed that patients with NPC have elevated levels of this enzyme. As it is higher, the prognosis became worse in patients with NPC. Similarly, VEGF which contributes to vascular generation also found to be higher in patients with NPC. VEGF is linked to tumor progression and development, and employing anti-VEGF agent may help to impede this progression. Conclusion The impacts of LDH and VEGF in NPC have been proven independently; however, the combined effect remains unclear. Therefore, the exploration of both biomarkers is crucial to the management of NPC in the future.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00879-3Nasopharyngeal cancerLactate dehydrogenaseVascular endothelial growth factor
spellingShingle Mochammad Alfian Sulaksana
Abdul Qadar Punagi
Nova Audrey L Pieter
Didit Yudhanto
Ricky Setiady Yusuf
Hamsu Kadriyan
The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
Nasopharyngeal cancer
Lactate dehydrogenase
Vascular endothelial growth factor
title The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
title_full The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
title_fullStr The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
title_full_unstemmed The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
title_short The role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasopharyngeal cancer: a literature review
title_sort role of lactate dehydrogenase ldh and vascular endothelial growth factor vegf in nasopharyngeal cancer a literature review
topic Nasopharyngeal cancer
Lactate dehydrogenase
Vascular endothelial growth factor
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00879-3
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